16-23630048-T-C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BP4_Strong

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.2106A>G(p.Ile702Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000254 in 1,613,974 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. I702K) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000026 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000025 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:8B:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: -2.54

Publications

7 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

hereditary breast carcinoma
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
Fanconi anemia complementation group N
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
familial ovarian cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
Fanconi anemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

PALB2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.05001259).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 link	c.2106A>G	p.Ile702Met	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 link	c.2106A>G	p.Ile702Met	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152080

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251486

AF XY:

0.00000736

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000253

AC:

AN:

1461894

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000330

AC XY:

AN XY:

727248

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000324

AC:

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.491

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152080

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000404

AC XY:

AN XY:

74276

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41388

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15264

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5202

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4826

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10598

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000588

AC:

AN:

68012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2094

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000564

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.00000756

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000259

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:8Benign:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:3Benign:1

Mar 10, 2023

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 25085752]. -

Jun 01, 2015

Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:case-control

- -

Aug 11, 2016

Counsyl

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Dec 12, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 702 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ile702Met). This variant is present in population databases (rs730881886, gnomAD 0.002%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and breast or ovarian cancer (PMID: 26283626, 26689913, 28821472). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 182764). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not provided

Uncertain:3

Jan 01, 2022

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

May 10, 2024

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis indicates that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with a personal or family history including breast and other cancers, as well as in unaffected control groups (PMID: 35610400, 26283626, 26689913, 28821472, 29522266, 33309985, 33471991); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26283626, 26689913, 29522266, 22941656, 33471991, 28821472, 28779002, 33309985, 35610400) -

Apr 29, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The PALB2 c.2106A>G (p.Ile702Met) variant has been reported in the published literature in individuals with breast cancer (PMIDs: 26283626 (2015), 28779002 (2017), 28821472 (2017), 29522266 (2018), 35610400 (2022)), as well as in breast cancer cases and reportedly healthy individuals in a large scale breast cancer association study (PMID: 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/genes/PALB2)). This variant has also been reported in colorectal cancer (PMID: 33309985 (2020)), as well as in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (PMID: 26689913 (2015)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000023 (3/129188 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Jun 04, 2024

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This missense variant replaces isoleucine with methionine at codon 702 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in individuals affected with breast cancer, head-neck squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer (PMID: 26283626, 26689913, 28779002, 29522266, 33309985) and in a breast cancer case-control meta-analysis in 2/60466 cases and 2/53461 unaffected individuals (PMID: 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_010937). This variant has been identified in 3/282882 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Mar 17, 2022

Sema4, Sema4

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:curation

- -

Apr 11, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.081

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.29

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.65

CADD

Benign

0.086

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

0.98

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.029

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-1.4

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.6

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.021

LIST_S2

Benign

0.63

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.0056

MetaRNN

Benign

0.050

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.0

.;L

PhyloP100

-2.5

PrimateAI

Benign

0.29

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.93

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.11

Sift

Benign

0.063

T;T

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.021

D;D

Polyphen

0.11

.;B

Vest4

0.17

MutPred

0.32

.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0491);

MVP

0.13

MPC

0.061

ClinPred

0.086

GERP RS

-12

Varity_R

0.060

gMVP

0.098

Mutation Taster

=94/6

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over