16-23630293-G-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points: 0P and 5B. BP4_StrongBP6

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.1861C>A(p.Pro621Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000103 in 1,461,884 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. P621S) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000010 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:7B:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: -0.598

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

hereditary breast carcinoma
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
Fanconi anemia complementation group N
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
familial ovarian cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
Fanconi anemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

PALB2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -5 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.041813314).

BP6

Variant 16-23630293-G-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23630293-G-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 245656.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=7, Likely_benign=3}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 link	c.1861C>A	p.Pro621Thr	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2	Q86YC2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 link	c.1861C>A	p.Pro621Thr	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4		Q86YC2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000398

AC:

AN:

251338

AF XY:

0.0000442

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000231

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.000198

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000103

AC:

AN:

1461884

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000110

AC XY:

AN XY:

727240

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000201

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.000115

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39698

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53412

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

8.99e-7

AC:

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000331

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.495

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.0000165

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7Benign:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Jun 17, 2024

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This missense variant replaces proline with threonine at codon 621 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function. Functional studies have been reported this variant had increased the binding affinity to the protein to MRG1 (PMID: 34946951). This variant has been reported in one individual affected with breast cancer in the literature (PMID: 25636233) and it also has been detected in two breast cancer case-control studies where it was found in an unaffected individual and absent in breast cancer cases, including in a large breast cancer case-control meta-analysis in 0/60466 cases and 1/53461 unaffected individuals (PMID: 31206626, 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_010968). This variant has been identified in 10/251338 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Oct 01, 2021

Sema4, Sema4

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:curation

- -

Sep 24, 2022

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:1Benign:2

May 28, 2019

Mendelics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jan 14, 2025

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 25085752]. -

Jan 30, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not specified

Uncertain:2

Nov 07, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: PALB2 c.1861C>A (p.Pro621Thr) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.1861C>A has been reported in the literature in at-least one individual affected with Breast Cancer (Leyton_2015), but it has also been reported in healthy controls (Weitzel_2019; PMID: 33471991, LOVD). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Breast Cancer. A co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant has been reported via internal testing (ATM c.4236+1G>T). Experimental evidence demonstrated the variant increased the binding affinity of the protein to MRG15 (Morf-related gene on chromosome 15), which is part of many transcription complexes (Redington_2021). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 245656). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Uncertain:2

Jan 30, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The PALB2 c.1861C>A (p.Pro621Thr) variant has been reported in the published literature in individuals with breast cancer (PMIDs: 25636233 (2015), 34946951 (2021) and unaffected controls (PMIDs: 31206626 (2019) and 33471991 (2021)). A functional study found that this variant increased binding affinity to the MRG15 protein (PMID: 34946951 (2021)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.00023 (8/34592 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Oct 10, 2023

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 27842325, 25636233, 22941656, 34946951, 31658756) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.11

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.50

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.66

CADD

Benign

3.9

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.27

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.020

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-1.3

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.3

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.086

LIST_S2

Benign

0.62

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.0043

MetaRNN

Benign

0.042

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.95

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.4

.;L

PhyloP100

-0.60

PrimateAI

Benign

0.20

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.5

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.053

Sift

Benign

0.61

T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.76

T;T

Polyphen

0.0010

.;B

Vest4

0.15

MutPred

0.20

.;Gain of sheet (P = 0.0221);

MVP

0.13

MPC

0.058

ClinPred

0.012

GERP RS

-5.8

Varity_R

0.038

gMVP

0.078

Mutation Taster

=97/3

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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16-23630293-G-T

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over