16-23630422-T-C

Variant names:

• chr16-23630422-T-C
• rs764023822
• NM_024675.4:c.1732A>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BP4_Strong

The NM_001407312.1(PALB2):​c.-57A>G variant causes a 5 prime UTR premature start codon gain change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000547 in 1,461,668 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000055 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_001407312.1 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:6 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.332

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.06314224).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.1732A>G	p.Ser578Gly	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.1732A>G	p.Ser578Gly	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000400 AC: 1 AN: 250194 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 135408

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000886

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000547 AC: 8 AN: 1461668 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 727110

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000719

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:6 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:2

Jul 01, 2019

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oct 11, 2022

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in an individual with pancreatic cancer (Zhen et al., 2015); Published functional studies demonstrate no damaging effect: homology directed DNA repair activity similar to wildtype (Wiltshire et al., 2020); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25356972, 31636395) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Oct 16, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

May 20, 2021

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces serine with glycine at codon 578 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). Functional studies have shown this variant to behave as wild-type in a human cell homology directed repair assay (PMID: 31636395). This variant has been reported in individuals affected with pancreatic cancer in the literature (PMID: 25356972). This variant has been identified in 1/250194 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3 Uncertain:1

May 13, 2019

Leiden Open Variation Database

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: curation

Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Marc Tischkowitz. -

Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 5 Uncertain:1

Jul 05, 2023

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Jan 23, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 578 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ser578Gly). The frequency data for this variant in the population databases is considered unreliable, as metrics indicate poor data quality at this position in the gnomAD database. This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with pancreatic cancer (PMID: 25356972). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 229738). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect PALB2 function (PMID: 31636395). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.066
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.35	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.75
CADD	Benign	7.0
DANN	Benign	0.93
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.023	T;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.89
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.92
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.13	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.67	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.0063	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.063	T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.99	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.6	.;L
PrimateAI	Benign	0.26	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.1	N;N
REVEL	Benign	0.038
Sift	Benign	0.25	T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.24	T;T
Polyphen		0.10	.;B
Vest4		0.12
MutPred		0.20		.;Loss of disorder (P = 0.0655);
MVP		0.35
MPC		0.050
ClinPred		0.045	T
GERP RS		1.7
Varity_R		0.036
gMVP		0.043

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs764023822; hg19: chr16-23641743;