16-23635138-T-C

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BP4_Strong

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.1408A>G(p.Thr470Ala) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000681 in 1,614,238 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:8B:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: -0.741

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

hereditary breast carcinoma
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
Fanconi anemia complementation group N
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
familial ovarian cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
Fanconi anemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

PALB2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -4 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.039043784).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 link	c.1408A>G	p.Thr470Ala	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 link	c.1408A>G	p.Thr470Ala	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152236

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000119

AC:

AN:

251132

AF XY:

0.00000737

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000684

AC:

AN:

1461884

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

727240

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000224

AC:

AN:

44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39698

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53414

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.000173

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00000719

AC:

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.460

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000656

AC:

AN:

152354

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

74506

show subpopulations

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41586

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15294

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5190

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4828

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10626

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000147

AC:

AN:

68038

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2116

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.375

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000151

ExAC

AF:

0.0000247

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:8Benign:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified

Uncertain:2

May 19, 2022

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: PALB2 c.1408A>G (p.Thr470Ala) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.2e-05 in 251132 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.1408A>G has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with breast cancer and Wilms tumor, without strong evidence of causality (Pedro_2020, Doddato_2021, Ciceri_2018). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Breast Cancer. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Five clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Uncertain:2

May 28, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The PALB2 c.1408A>G (p.Thr470Ala) variant has been reported in the published literature in individuals with breast cancer (PMID: 35534704 (2022)), suspected hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (PMIDs: 35980532 (2022), 34026625 (2021)), gastric cancer (PMID: 34326862 (2021)), and Wilms tumor (PMID: 30344923 (2018)). It has also been identified in an individual affected with thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and cervical paraganglioma (PMID: 32408270 (2020)). In a case-control study, this variant was observed in 3 individuals with breast cancer and in 3 reportedly healthy individuals (PMID: 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000012 (3/251132 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Feb 19, 2018

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is denoted PALB2 c.1408A>G at the cDNA level, p.Thr470Ala (T470A) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Threonine to an Alanine (ACA>GCA). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. PALB2 Thr470Ala was not observed at a significant allele frequency in large population cohorts (Lek 2016). PALB2 Thr470Ala is not located in a known functional domain. In-silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports that this variant does not alter protein structure/function. Based on currently available evidence, it is unclear whether PALB2 Thr470Ala is a pathogenic or benign variant. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Dec 12, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 470 of the PALB2 protein (p.Thr470Ala). This variant is present in population databases (rs150636811, gnomAD 0.003%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Wilms tumor, paraganglioma, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer (PMID: 30344923, 32408270, 34026625, 34326862, 35534704, 35980532). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 185197). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Apr 09, 2024

Mendelics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Feb 13, 2024

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This missense variant replaces threonine with alanine at codon 470 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer and an individual affected with breast, ovarian or pancreatic cancer (PMID: 32408270, 34026625) and a breast cancer case-control meta-analysis has reported this variant in 3/60466 cases and 3/53461 unaffected individuals (PMID: 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_011035). This variant also has been reported in an individual affected with Wilm's tumor (PMID: 30344923). This variant has been identified in 3/251132 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Mar 06, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Inherited breast cancer and ovarian cancer

Uncertain:1

Oct 23, 2024

Genomics and Molecular Medicine Service, East Genomic Laboratory Hub, NHS Genomic Medicine Service

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

BP1 -

Breast-ovarian cancer, familial, susceptibility to, 5

Uncertain:1

Mar 07, 2022

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.089

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.46

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.81

CADD

Benign

0.086

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.71

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.013

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-1.5

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.6

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.052

LIST_S2

Benign

0.48

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.0072

MetaRNN

Benign

0.039

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.99

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.3

.;L

PhyloP100

-0.74

PrimateAI

Benign

0.24

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.89

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.0060

Sift

Benign

0.43

T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.32

T;T

Polyphen

0.0020

.;B

Vest4

0.034

MVP

0.11

MPC

0.053

ClinPred

0.032

GERP RS

-7.1

Varity_R

0.018

gMVP

0.14

Mutation Taster

=94/6

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over