16-23635614-T-C

Position:

• chr16-23635614-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PM2 BP4_Strong

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.932A>G​(p.Lys311Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000342 in 1,461,678 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.0100

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.060788065).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.932A>G	p.Lys311Arg	missense_variant	4/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.932A>G	p.Lys311Arg	missense_variant	4/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251154 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135796

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000880

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000164

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000342 AC: 5 AN: 1461678 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727110

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 8.99e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Jan 25, 2022	This missense variant replaces lysine with arginine at codon 311 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature but has been observed in four unaffected control individuals (PMID: 30287823). This variant has been identified in 3/251154 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	May 29, 2024	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Aug 05, 2019

Variant summary: PALB2 c.932A>G (p.Lys311Arg) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.2e-05 in 273636 control chromosomes (gnomAD and Momozawa_2018). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.932A>G has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with early-onset and/or familial/hereditary prostate cancer (Paulo_2018). However, this report does not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Breast Cancer. Co-occurrence with another pathogenic variant has been reported (RAD51D c.694C>T, p.Arg232X). To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. A ClinVar submission (evaluation after 2014) cites the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided

curation

Leiden Open Variation Database

Oct 10, 2018

Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Yukihide Momozawa. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Aug 14, 2023

This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt PALB2 protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 530210). This variant is present in population databases (rs755129205, gnomAD 0.003%). This sequence change replaces lysine, which is basic and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 311 of the PALB2 protein (p.Lys311Arg). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.077
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.43	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.77
CADD	Benign	3.0
DANN	Benign	0.86
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.013	T;T
Eigen	Benign	-1.0
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.068	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.71	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.018	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.061	T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.99	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.69	.;N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.21	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.19	N;N
REVEL	Benign	0.037
Sift	Benign	0.031	D;D
Sift4G	Benign	0.32	T;T
Polyphen		0.090	.;B
Vest4		0.15
MutPred		0.19		.;Loss of ubiquitination at K311 (P = 0.0074);
MVP		0.33
MPC		0.071
ClinPred		0.055	T
GERP RS		2.8
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.0
Varity_R		0.037
gMVP		0.13

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs755129205; hg19: chr16-23646935;