16-23637912-T-G

Position:

chr16-23637912-T-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -3 ACMG points: 0P and 3B. BP4_ModerateBP6

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.149A>C(p.Lys50Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000118 in 1,614,002 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000011 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:7B:5

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.04

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 links:

PALB2 (HGNC:):

PALB2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -3 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.17896906).

BP6

Variant 16-23637912-T-G is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23637912-T-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 220112.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_benign=5, Uncertain_significance=6}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.149A>C	p.Lys50Thr	missense_variant	3/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2	Q86YC2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.149A>C	p.Lys50Thr	missense_variant	3/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4		Q86YC2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.000385

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251478

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00000736

AC XY:

AN XY:

135916

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000109

AC:

AN:

1461830

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000275

AC XY:

AN XY:

727216

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000504

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.000232

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152172

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

74342

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.000385

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000712

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000302

ExAC

AF:

0.0000165

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7Benign:5

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Feb 28, 2019	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Sema4, Sema4	Feb 02, 2022	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Feb 21, 2023	This missense variant replaces lysine with threonine at codon 50 of the PALB2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been detected in at least five individuals affected with breast and/or ovarian, endometrial and pancreatic cancer (PMID: 27443514, 30093976; Color internal data) and glioblastoma multiforme (PMID: 26689913) and in a breast cancer case-control meta-analysis in 3/60466 cases and 6/53461 unaffected individuals (PMID: 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_011210). This variant also has been detected in two individuals affected with breast and/or ovarian cancer with a pathogenic TP53 or BRCA1 variant (PMID: 31481248; Color internal data). This variant has been identified in 1/251478 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:1Benign:2

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Feb 01, 2024	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Jul 06, 2016	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 30, 2023	This variant is considered likely benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 25085752]. -

not specified

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago	Nov 21, 2021	DNA sequence analysis of the PALB2 gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.149A>C, in exon 3 that results in an amino acid change, p.Lys50Thr. This sequence change has been previously described in individuals with breast cancer and no family history (PMID: 30093976), endometrial carcinoma (PMID: 27443514) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PMID: 32255556). It has also been identified in a tumor specimen of an individual with breast/ovarian cancer, co-occurring with a variant in TP53 (PMID: 31481248). This sequence change has been described in the gnomAD database in one individual which corresponds to a population frequency of 0.00040% (dbSNP rs763598472). The p.Lys50Thr change affects a moderately conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the PALB2 protein that is not known to be functional. In-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL) provide contradictory results for the p.Lys50Thr substitution. Due to insufficient evidence and the lack of functional studies, the clinical significance of the p.Lys50Thr change remains unknown at this time. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jun 07, 2024	Variant summary: PALB2 c.149A>C (p.Lys50Thr) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 251478 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.149A>C has been reported in the literature in an individual affected with glioblastoma multiforme (the cancer genome atlas (TGCA) cohort) (example, Lu_2015), an individual with endometrial carcinoma (example, Ring_2016), a patient with personal history of breast cancer and no family history (example, Chan_2018), and, as a germline variant in a study reporting the archival tumor and blood specimen testing of cancer patients undergoing multigene panel testing (example, Ong_2019). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. At-least one co-occurrence with another germline pathogenic variant has been reported (TP53 c.1015G>T, p.Glu339Ter), providing supporting evidence for a benign role (Ong_2019). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 30093976, 26689913, 31481248, 27443514). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 220112). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

not provided

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Feb 20, 2024	Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 30093976, 27443514, 31481248, 26689913, 32255556, 19369211, 20871615, Matusin2023[Pre-Print], 34326862, 33471991, 25085752) -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	Aug 25, 2022	- -

Breast and/or ovarian cancer

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Aug 11, 2022

- -

Malignant tumor of breast

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

The PALB2 p.Lys50Thr variant was not identified in the literature nor was it identified in the Cosmic, MutDB, LOVD 3.0, or Zhejiang University Database. The variant was identified in dbSNP (ID: rs763598472) as â€šÃ„ÃºWith Uncertain Significance alleleâ€šÃ„Ã¹, ClinVar (classified as likely benign by Ambry Genetics, and uncertain significance by Invitae, GeneDx, Counsyl and Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano), Clinvitae (3x), and in control databases in 1 of 246260 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.000004 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). It was observed in the East Asian population in 1 of 17248 chromosomes (freq: 0.000058), but not in the African, Other, Latino, European Non-Finnish, Ashkenazi Jewish, Finnish, and South Asian populations. The p.Lys50 residue is conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) provide inconsistent predictions regarding the impact of the variant to the protein; this information is not very predictive of pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time. This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.18

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.21

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.36

CADD

Benign

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.38

T;T

Eigen

Uncertain

0.35

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.27

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.82

LIST_S2

Benign

0.84

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.024

MetaRNN

Benign

0.18

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.94

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.6

M;.

PrimateAI

Benign

0.38

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.0

D;.

REVEL

Benign

0.061

Sift

Uncertain

0.0060

D;.

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.038

D;.

Polyphen

0.99

D;.

Vest4

0.39

MutPred

0.23

Loss of ubiquitination at K50 (P = 0.0067);.;

MVP

0.81

MPC

0.32

ClinPred

0.90

GERP RS

3.7

Varity_R

0.16

gMVP

0.038

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over