16-23637919-T-C

Position:

• chr16-23637919-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points: 0P and 4B. BP4_Strong

The NM_001407304.1(PALB2):​c.-744A>G variant causes a 5 prime UTR premature start codon gain change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000547 in 1,461,806 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000055 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_001407304.1 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -3.59

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -4 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.023669839).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.142A>G	p.Ile48Val	missense_variant	3/13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.142A>G	p.Ile48Val	missense_variant	3/13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251474 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135914

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.0000327

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000547 AC: 8 AN: 1461806 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000688 AC XY: 5 AN XY: 727202

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000630

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

May 09, 2017

This variant is denoted PALB2 c.142A>G at the cDNA level, p.Ile48Val (I48V) at the protein level, and results in the change of an Isoleucine to a Valine (ATT>GTT). PALB2 Ile48Val was not observed in 3236 cases of serous ovarian cancer, but was observed in 1/3431 controls (Ramus 2015). PALB2 Ile48Val was not observed in large population cohorts (NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, The 1000 Genomes Consortium 2015, Lek 2016). Since Isoleucine and Valine share similar properties, this is considered a conservative amino acid substitution. PALB2 Ile48Val occurs at a position where amino acids with properties similar to Isoleucine are tolerated across species. It is located in a DNA-binding region that interacts with BRCA1 and RAD51 which is required for oligomerization as well as an important region for focal concentration at DNA damage sites (UniProt). In silico analyses predict that this variant is unlikely to alter protein structure or function. Based on currently available evidence, it is unclear whether PALB2 Ile48Val is a pathogenic or benign variant. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Aug 31, 2023

The p.I48V variant (also known as c.142A>G), located in coding exon 3 of the PALB2 gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 142. The isoleucine at codon 48 is replaced by valine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. In one study, this alteration was observed in 0/3236 cases with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and 1/3431 controls (Ramus SJ et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2015 Nov;107:). This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Dec 21, 2023

This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 48 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ile48Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs786203134, gnomAD 0.003%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 186676). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be tolerated. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.072
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.39	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.69
CADD	Benign	0.0010
DANN	Benign	0.58
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.074	T;T
Eigen	Benign	-1.4
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.6
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.0073	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.63	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.0065	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.024	T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.1	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.38	N;.
PrimateAI	Benign	0.28	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.080	N;.
REVEL	Benign	0.046
Sift	Benign	0.68	T;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.49	T;.
Polyphen		0.0010	B;.
Vest4		0.10
MutPred		0.17		Gain of methylation at K49 (P = 0.061);.;
MVP		0.18
MPC		0.047
ClinPred		0.028	T
GERP RS		-11
Varity_R		0.034
gMVP		0.012

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs786203134; hg19: chr16-23649240;