16-23637948-G-C

Variant names:

• chr16-23637948-G-C
• rs371875379
• NM_024675.4:c.113C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.113C>G​(p.Ala38Gly) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000548 in 1,461,030 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. A38V) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000055 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.53
• Publications: 9 publications found

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• Fanconi anemia complementation group N

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• familial ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Fanconi anemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.25284553).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_024675.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PALB2	NM_024675.4	MANE Select	c.113C>G	p.Ala38Gly	missense	Exon 3 of 13	NP_078951.2
	PALB2	NM_001407296.1		c.53C>G	p.Ala18Gly	missense	Exon 2 of 12	NP_001394225.1
	PALB2	NM_001407297.1		c.113C>G	p.Ala38Gly	missense	Exon 3 of 12	NP_001394226.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.113C>G	p.Ala38Gly	missense	Exon 3 of 13	ENSP00000261584.4
	PALB2	ENST00000568219.5	TSL:1	c.-773C>G		5_prime_UTR	Exon 3 of 13	ENSP00000454703.2
	PALB2	ENST00000561514.3	TSL:5	c.119C>G	p.Ala40Gly	missense	Exon 3 of 13	ENSP00000460666.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000278 AC: 7 AN: 251464 AF XY: 0.0000147

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.000381

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000548 AC: 8 AN: 1461030 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 726910

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33466

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26132

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.000202 AC: 8 AN: 39682

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86238

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53406

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1111250

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60368

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ExAC AF: 0.0000330 AC: 4

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:3

Jun 14, 2016

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Feb 16, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.A38G variant (also known as c.113C>G), located in coding exon 3 of the PALB2 gene, results from a C to G substitution at nucleotide position 113. The alanine at codon 38 is replaced by glycine, an amino acid with similar properties. This alteration was seen in two Chinese patients with early-onset breast cancer (Wong ESY et al. NPJ Genom. Med. 2016 Jan;1:15003). This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear.

Dec 13, 2018

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

not specified Uncertain:1

Mar 26, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: PALB2 c.113C>G (p.Ala38Gly) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.8e-05 in 251464 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.113C>G has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Breast Cancer, some with a family history of other cancers, including those related to Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome (e.g. Wong_2016, Xie_2018, Kwong_2020). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function in a mouse embryonic stem cell-based assay of homologous recombination-mediated repair (Ng_2022). These results showed no damaging effect of this variant versus the WT protein. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 32068069, 33811135, 29263802, 28580595). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 318561). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance.

Fanconi anemia complementation group N Uncertain:1

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease.

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Jan 14, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 38 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ala38Gly). This variant is present in population databases (rs371875379, gnomAD 0.03%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 28580595, 29263802). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 318561). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect PALB2 function (PMID: 33811135). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.42
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.20	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.22
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.37	T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.33
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.25
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.95	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.84	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.030	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.25	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.94	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.7	M
PhyloP100		5.5
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.50	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.4	N
REVEL	Benign	0.17
Sift	Uncertain	0.012	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.060	T
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.81
MutPred		0.32		Loss of stability (P = 0.0449)
MVP		0.74
MPC		0.32
ClinPred		0.46	T
GERP RS		3.8
Varity_R		0.12
gMVP		0.098
Mutation Taster		=27/73	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs371875379; hg19: chr16-23649269;