16-23641121-C-G

Variant names:

• chr16-23641121-C-G
• rs373287455
• NM_024675.4:c.37G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points: 4P and 1B. PM1 PM2 BP4

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.37G>C​(p.Glu13Gln) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. E13G) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.87
• Publications: 7 publications found

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• Fanconi anemia complementation group N

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Ambry Genetics
• pancreatic cancer, susceptibility to, 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• familial ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Fanconi anemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 11 benign, 33 uncertain in NM_024675.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.39119667).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.37G>C	p.Glu13Gln	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 13	ENST00000261584.9	NP_078951.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.37G>C	p.Glu13Gln	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 13	1	NM_024675.4	ENSP00000261584.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1

Dec 03, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Jun 19, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 13 of the PALB2 protein (p.Glu13Gln). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with PALB2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 824235). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may create or strengthen a splice site. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

May 24, 2019

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.E13Q variant (also known as c.37G>C), located in coding exon 1 of the PALB2 gene, results from a G to C substitution at nucleotide position 37. The glutamic acid at codon 13 is replaced by glutamine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.44
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.098	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.38
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.31	T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.73
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.71
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.70	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.79	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.0098	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.39	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.82	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.7	M
PhyloP100		3.9
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.65	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.7	N
REVEL	Benign	0.10
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.046	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.43
MutPred		0.13		Loss of ubiquitination at K18 (P = 0.0326);
MVP		0.66
MPC		0.35
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		5.5
PromoterAI		-0.062	Neutral
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.0
Varity_R		0.26
gMVP		0.025

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.15		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs373287455; hg19: chr16-23652442;