16-56894555-T-A

Variant names:

• chr16-56894555-T-A
• rs185927948
• NM_001126108.2:c.2546T>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 13 ACMG points: 13P and 0B. PM1 PM5 PP2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001126108.2(SLC12A3):​c.2546T>A​(p.Leu849His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000187 in 1,613,866 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. L849F) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000066 (0 hom., cov: 31)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00020 (1 hom.)
• Consequence: SLC12A3 NM_001126108.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:9 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.74
• Publications: 40 publications found

Genes affected

SLC12A3 (HGNC:10912): (solute carrier family 12 member 3) This gene encodes a renal thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter that is important for electrolyte homeostasis. This cotransporter mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Mutations in this gene cause Gitelman syndrome, a disease similar to Bartter's syndrome, that is characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis combined with hypomagnesemia, low urinary calcium, and increased renin activity associated with normal blood pressure. This cotransporter is the target for thiazide diuretics that are used for treating high blood pressure. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

SLC12A3 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Gitelman syndrome

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 13 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 6 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_001126108.2
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr16-56894554-C-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 2736354.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 138 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 18 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: -0.93606 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.71313 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Gitelman syndrome.
• PP5: Variant 16-56894555-T-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-56894555-T-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 225470.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SLC12A3	NM_001126108.2	c.2546T>A	p.Leu849His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26	ENST00000563236.6	NP_001119580.2
SLC12A3	NM_000339.3	c.2573T>A	p.Leu858His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26		NP_000330.3
SLC12A3	NM_001126107.2	c.2570T>A	p.Leu857His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26		NP_001119579.2
SLC12A3	NM_001410896.1	c.2543T>A	p.Leu848His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26		NP_001397825.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SLC12A3	ENST00000563236.6	c.2546T>A	p.Leu849His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26	1	NM_001126108.2	ENSP00000456149.2
SLC12A3	ENST00000438926.6	c.2573T>A	p.Leu858His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26	1		ENSP00000402152.2
SLC12A3	ENST00000566786.5	c.2570T>A	p.Leu857His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26	1		ENSP00000457552.1
SLC12A3	ENST00000262502.5	c.2543T>A	p.Leu848His	missense_variant	Exon 22 of 26	5		ENSP00000262502.5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000657 AC: 10 AN: 152130 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00192

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000598 AC: 15 AN: 251000 AF XY: 0.0000516

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.000761

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000163

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000199 AC: 291 AN: 1461618 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.000188 AC XY: 137 AN XY: 727056

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44696

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26124

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00730 AC: 290 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86162

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53412

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1111892

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000166 AC: 1 AN: 60384

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000657 AC: 10 AN: 152248 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000806 AC XY: 6 AN XY: 74436

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41540

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15300

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00193 AC: 10 AN: 5186

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4826

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10600

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 294

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 68004

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2114

Alfa AF: 0.0000434 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000113

ExAC AF: 0.0000906 AC: 11

Asia WGS AF: 0.000866 AC: 3 AN: 3478

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:9 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia Pathogenic:6 Uncertain:1

Mar 18, 2016

Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical Center

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: flagged submission

Collection Method: reference population

- -

Jul 15, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

-

Juno Genomics, Hangzhou Juno Genomics, Inc

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PM2+PM3_VeryStrong+PS3_Supporting+PP3 -

Sep 16, 2020

Natera, Inc.

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 12, 2024

3billion

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.006%). Predicted Consequence/Location: Missense variant Functional studies provide strong evidence of the variant having a damaging effect on the gene or gene product (PMID: 16471174). In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product [REVEL: 0.78 (>=0.6, sensitivity 0.68 and specificity 0.92); 3Cnet: 0.97 (>=0.6, sensitivity 0.72 and precision 0.9)]. Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000225470 /PMID: 10616841 /3billion dataset). The variant has been reported to be in trans with a pathogenic variant as either compound heterozygous or homozygous in at least 2 similarly affected unrelated individuals (PMID: 15069170, 21628937, 26770037). The variant has been reported to co-segregate with the disease in at least one similarly affected relative/individual in the same family or similarly affected unrelated family (PMID: 15069170). Different missense changes at the same codon (p.Leu849Phe, p.Leu849Pro) have been reported to be associated with SLC12A3 related disorder (PMID: 22009145, 37702302). Therefore, this variant is classified as Pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -

Mar 14, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Apr 28, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Across a selection of the available literature, the SLC12A3 c.2573T>A (p.Leu858His) variant, also known as c.2579T>A (p.Leu849His), has been reported in 10 studies and is found in a total of 13 patients with Gitelman syndrome, including two in a homozygous state, eight in a compound heterozygous state, and three in a heterozygous state where the second variant could not be identified (Monkawa et al. 2000; Fukuyama et al. 2003; Maki et al. 2004; Aoi et al. 2007; Tsutsui et al. 2011; Yagi et al. 2011; Imashuku et al. 2012; Ishimori et al. 2013; Miao et al. 2016; Mizokami et al. 2016). The p.Leu858His variant was absent from 400 control chromosomes in some studies (Monkawa et al. 2000; Fukuyama et al. 2003; Maki et al. 2004), however, the variant was detected in 47 out of 1852 healthy Japanese subjects in a heterozygous state (Tago et al. 2004) and is reported at a frequency of 0.01442 in the Japanese in Tokyo, Japan cohort of the 1000 Genomes Project. While this frequency is high, it is in alignment with the increased prevalence of Gitelman syndrome in Japan. In functional studies, sodium uptake of the p.Leu858His variant protein was found to be significantly reduced when expressed and evaluated in CHO cells, indicating that the p.Leu858His variant leads to loss of function (Naraba et al. 2005). Based on the evidence, the p.Leu858His variant is classified as pathogenic for Gitelman syndrome. This variant was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. -

not provided Pathogenic:3

Apr 01, 2016

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 13, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 858 of the SLC12A3 protein (p.Leu858His). This variant is present in population databases (rs185927948, gnomAD 0.09%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with SLC12A3-related conditions (PMID: 15069170, 21628937, 21757836, 26041598, 26770037). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is also known as p.Leu849His. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 225470). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt SLC12A3 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects SLC12A3 function (PMID: 16471174). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Nov 18, 2021

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect as p.(L858H) results in loss-of-function (Naraba et al., 2005); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 17873326, 33163079, 27173320, 26770037, 22802996, 23756661, 10616841, 15198479, 15069170, 21757836, 19489442, 31105122, 33328404, 21628937, 26041598, 33348466, 32884933, 30596175, 16471174) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.91
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.18	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.42
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.94	.;.;D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.76
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.67
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.96	D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.38	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.63	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.098	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.2	.;.;M;.
PhyloP100		7.7
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.77	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.1	D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.78
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;D;.
Vest4		0.95
MVP		0.97
MPC		0.53
ClinPred		0.70	D
GERP RS		4.6
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.0
Varity_R		0.94
gMVP		0.88
Mutation Taster		=1/99	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs185927948; hg19: chr16-56928467;