16-68801810-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PM2

The NM_004360.5(CDH1):c.304G>T(p.Ala102Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000274 in 1,461,886 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. 13/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. A102T) has been classified as Benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CDH1 NM_004360.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.52

Genes affected

CDH1 (HGNC:1748): (cadherin 1) This gene encodes a classical cadherin of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature glycoprotein. This calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion protein is comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid and ovarian cancer. Loss of function of this gene is thought to contribute to cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. This gene is present in a gene cluster with other members of the cadherin family on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
CDH1	NM_004360.5	c.304G>T	p.Ala102Ser	missense_variant	3/16	ENST00000261769.10
CDH1	NM_001317184.2	c.304G>T	p.Ala102Ser	missense_variant	3/15
CDH1	NM_001317185.2	c.-1312G>T		5_prime_UTR_variant	3/16
CDH1	NM_001317186.2	c.-1516G>T		5_prime_UTR_variant	3/15

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
CDH1	ENST00000261769.10	c.304G>T	p.Ala102Ser	missense_variant	3/16	1	NM_004360.5	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000796 AC: 2 AN: 251274 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135794

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000274 AC: 4 AN: 1461886 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727246

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000360

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 07, 2015	This variant is denoted CDH1 c.304G>T at the cDNA level, p.Ala102Ser (A102S) at the protein level, and results in the change of an Alanine to a Serine (GCC>TCC). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. CDH1 Ala102Ser was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. Since Alanine and Serine differ in polarity, charge, size or other properties, this is considered a non-conservative amino acid substitution. CDH1 Ala102Ser occurs at a position that is not conserved and is not located in a known functional domain (UniProt). In silico analyses are inconsistent regarding the effect this variant may have on protein structure and function. Based on currently available information, it is unclear whether CDH1 Ala102Ser is pathogenic or benign. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden	Jul 20, 2021	PM2_SUP -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Nov 01, 2022	This missense variant replaces alanine with serine at codon 102 of the CDH1 protein. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature. This variant has been identified in 2/251274 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Apr 19, 2023	The p.A102S variant (also known as c.304G>T), located in coding exon 3 of the CDH1 gene, results from a G to T substitution at nucleotide position 304. The alanine at codon 102 is replaced by serine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Feb 18, 2019

- -

Hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Dec 13, 2023

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 102 of the CDH1 protein (p.Ala102Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs368492235, gnomAD 0.002%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CDH1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 187729). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function output the following: SIFT: "Not Available"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Not Available". The serine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Baylor Genetics

Oct 09, 2023

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.14
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.019	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.25
Cadd	Benign	18
Dann	Benign	0.91
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.36	T;T;T;.;.
Eigen	Benign	0.067
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.070
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.83	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.73	T;T;T;T;T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.091	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.48	T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.33	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.8	L;.;.;.;L
MutationTaster	Benign	0.97	D;D
PrimateAI	Benign	0.40	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.3	N;.;.;.;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.32
Sift	Benign	0.030	D;.;.;.;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.076	T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.65	P;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.26
MutPred		0.76		Gain of sheet (P = 0.0827);Gain of sheet (P = 0.0827);Gain of sheet (P = 0.0827);Gain of sheet (P = 0.0827);Gain of sheet (P = 0.0827);
MVP		0.84
MPC		0.38
ClinPred		0.27	T
GERP RS		3.3
Varity_R		0.11
gMVP		0.35

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs368492235; hg19: chr16-68835713;