16-88832065-G-C

Position:

chr16-88832065-G-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 20 ACMG points: 20P and 0B. PS1_ModeratePM1PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The ENST00000268695.10(GALNS):c.935C>G(p.Thr312Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000328 in 1,613,790 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as Likely pathogenicin ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T312A) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000034 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GALNS
ENST00000268695.10 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.82

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALNS (HGNC:4122): (galactosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase) This gene encodes N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase which is a lysosomal exohydrolase required for the degradation of the glycosaminoglycans, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Sequence alterations including point, missense and nonsense mutations, as well as those that affect splicing, result in a deficiency of this enzyme. Deficiencies of this enzyme lead to Morquio A syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GALNS links:

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ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 20 ACMG points.

PS1

Transcript ENST00000268695.10 (GALNS) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in ClinVar as 1048220

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 6 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 14 uncertain in ENST00000268695.10

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr16-88832066-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1048219.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.968

PP5

Variant 16-88832065-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr16-88832065-G-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 713.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr16-88832065-G-C is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALNS	NM_000512.5 linkuse as main transcript	c.935C>G	p.Thr312Ser	missense_variant	9/14	ENST00000268695.10	NP_000503.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALNS	ENST00000268695.10 linkuse as main transcript	c.935C>G	p.Thr312Ser	missense_variant	9/14	1	NM_000512.5	ENSP00000268695	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152102

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000199

AC:

AN:

250636

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135654

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000442

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000342

AC:

AN:

1461688

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000330

AC XY:

AN XY:

727136

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000224

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000423

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152102

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000404

AC XY:

AN XY:

74292

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000508

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-IV-A

Pathogenic:4Other:1

not provided, no classification provided	literature only	GeneReviews	-	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Lysosomal Disorders, University of Padova	Feb 01, 2021	In vivo and in vitro functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene product (low to null enzymatic activity in homozygotes; low to null in vitro enzymatic activity; PS3_moderate); the prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared with the prevalence in controls (PS4_strong); very low frequency in gnomAD v2.1.1 (PM2_moderate); multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene (PP3_supporting) -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genome-Nilou Lab	Nov 07, 2021	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Jan 01, 1998	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 17, 2024	This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 312 of the GALNS protein (p.Thr312Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs118204446, gnomAD 0.004%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with MPS IVA (PMID: 9521421, 15235041). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 713). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GALNS protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects GALNS function (PMID: 9521421, 10814710). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Morquio syndrome

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Dec 11, 2019

Variant summary: GALNS c.935C>G (p.Thr312Ser) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Sulfatase, N-terminal domain of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2e-05 in 250636 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.935C>G has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA (Morquio Syndrome A)(Yamada_1998). Authors indicate the variant causes a mild phenotype. These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. Functional analysis performed by Yamada_1998 found the variant to produce 15% normal activity. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.41

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.38

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.44

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.68

Eigen

Uncertain

0.43

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.54

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.91

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.50

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.97

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.87

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.82

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

A;A

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.70

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.4

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.78

Sift

Benign

0.37

Sift4G

Benign

0.38

Polyphen

0.85

Vest4

0.95

MutPred

0.86

Gain of disorder (P = 0.064);

MVP

1.0

MPC

0.43

ClinPred

0.50

GERP RS

5.4

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.50

gMVP

0.89

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.040

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over