17-41612318-A-T

Position:

• chr17-41612318-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_005557.4(KRT16):​c.371T>A​(p.Leu124His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. L124P) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: KRT16 NM_005557.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.20

Genes affected

KRT16 (HGNC:6423): (keratin 16) The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratin gene family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. Most of the type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains and are clustered in a region of chromosome 17q12-q21. This keratin has been coexpressed with keratin 14 in a number of epithelial tissues, including esophagus, tongue, and hair follicles. Mutations in this gene are associated with type 1 pachyonychia congenita, non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma and unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

KRT16 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a region_of_interest Coil 1A (size 35) in uniprot entity K1C16_HUMAN there are 14 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_005557.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr17-41612318-A-G is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.993
• PP5: Variant 17-41612318-A-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr17-41612318-A-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 66605.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr17-41612318-A-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
KRT16	NM_005557.4	c.371T>A	p.Leu124His	missense_variant	1/8	ENST00000301653.9	NP_005548.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
KRT16	ENST00000301653.9	c.371T>A	p.Leu124His	missense_variant	1/8	1	NM_005557.4	ENSP00000301653.3
KRT16	ENST00000593067.1	c.-312-32T>A		intron_variant		3		ENSP00000467124.1
KRT16	ENST00000588319.1	n.448T>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	1/1	6

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1 Other:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jan 26, 2016	The L124H pathogenic variant in the KRT16 gene has been published previously in association with pachyonychia congenita (Wilson et al., 2011; Smith et al., 2005). It was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. The L124H variant is a non-conservative amino acid substitution, which is likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in polarity, charge, size and/or other properties. This substitution occurs within a known mutational hotspot region (helix initiation motif) that is highly conserved across all species and among all members of the keratin family. Many other pathogenic variants in patients with pachyonychia congenita have been reported in nearby residues (M121T/K, Q122P, N125D/S) according to the Human Gene Mutation Database (Stenson et al., 2014). It is well established that keratin gene mutations affecting the residues at the ends of the central rod domains of the keratin proteins (helix initiation and termination motifs) interfere with proper keratin intermediate filament assembly and function, resulting in hyperkeratosis (Chamcheu et al., 2011). Therefore, we consider L124H to be pathogenic. -
not provided, no classification provided	literature only	Epithelial Biology; Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore	-	- -

Pachyonychia congenita 1;C4552049:Palmoplantar keratoderma, nonepidermolytic, focal 1 Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Oct 11, 2021

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.56	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.57
CADD	Pathogenic	31
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.88	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.98
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.84
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.47	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.9	H
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.72	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.6	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.99
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.93
MutPred		0.99		Gain of disorder (P = 0.0274);
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.2
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
Varity_R		0.96
gMVP		1.0

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs58293603; hg19: chr17-39768570;