17-65536440-G-A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -6 ACMG points: 0P and 6B. BP4_ModerateBS2

The NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.2021C>T(p.Pro674Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000144 in 1,601,374 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. P674S) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000027 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000013 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

AXIN2
NM_004655.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:4B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 1.45

Publications

0 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

AXIN2 (HGNC:904): (axin 2) The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

AXIN2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
tooth agenesis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
craniosynostosis
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

AXIN2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -6 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.21345654).

BS2

High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 19 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
AXIN2	NM_004655.4 link	c.2021C>T	p.Pro674Leu	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 11	ENST00000307078.10	NP_004646.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein
AXIN2	ENST00000307078.10 link	c.2021C>T	p.Pro674Leu	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 11	1	NM_004655.4	ENSP00000302625.5
AXIN2	ENST00000375702.5 link	c.1826C>T	p.Pro609Leu	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 9	1		ENSP00000364854.5
AXIN2	ENST00000618960.4 link	c.1826C>T	p.Pro609Leu	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 10	5		ENSP00000478916.1
AXIN2	ENST00000578251.1 link	n.243C>T		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 3	3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000274

AC:

AN:

146218

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000164

AC:

AN:

244392

AF XY:

0.0000226

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000116

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

1455156

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000138

AC XY:

AN XY:

724338

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

28664

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000113

AC:

AN:

44362

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26102

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39694

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86194

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53060

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5702

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000126

AC:

AN:

1111620

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

59758

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000274

AC:

AN:

146218

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

71622

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

35720

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15100

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3468

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5196

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4834

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10626

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

306

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000588

AC:

AN:

68016

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2042

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.513

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000712

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000264

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified

Uncertain:1

Jul 10, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: AXIN2 c.2021C>T (p.Pro674Leu) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.6e-05 in 244392 control chromosomes (gnomAD). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.2021C>T in individuals affected with Colorectal Cancer and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. Co-occurrence with another pathogenic variant has been reported in an internal sample (APC c.1312+5G>A). A ClinVar submission (evaluation after 2014) cites the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance.

Oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome

Uncertain:1

Jan 15, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 674 of the AXIN2 protein (p.Pro674Leu). This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.01%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with AXIN2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 533157). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt AXIN2 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Colorectal cancer;C1837750:Oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome

Uncertain:1

May 29, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

not provided

Uncertain:1

Jan 27, 2023

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

To the best of our knowledge, the variant has not been reported in the published literature. The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.00011 (4/35294 chromosomes in Latino/Admixed American subpopulation, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), is higher than would generally be expected for pathogenic variants in this gene. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant.

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Benign:1

Jan 16, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.086

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.23

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.34

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.0

.;T;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.11

Eigen_PC

Benign

0.068

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.88

LIST_S2

Benign

0.0

.;T;.

M_CAP

Benign

0.040

MetaRNN

Benign

0.21

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.0

.;.;.

PhyloP100

1.5

PrimateAI

Benign

0.41

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.1

N;.;N

REVEL

Benign

0.028

Sift

Uncertain

0.0080

D;.;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.058

T;D;D

Vest4

0.38

ClinPred

0.17

GERP RS

4.2

gMVP

0.15

Mutation Taster

=98/2

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over