17-65558336-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Moderate

The NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.285C>A(p.Phe95Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. F95F) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: AXIN2 NM_004655.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.67

Genes affected

AXIN2 (HGNC:904): (axin 2) The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.939

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
AXIN2	NM_004655.4	c.285C>A	p.Phe95Leu	missense_variant	2/11	ENST00000307078.10

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
AXIN2	ENST00000307078.10	c.285C>A	p.Phe95Leu	missense_variant	2/11	1	NM_004655.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Dec 14, 2023

This sequence change replaces phenylalanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 95 of the AXIN2 protein (p.Phe95Leu). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with AXIN2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 464616). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt AXIN2 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Feb 16, 2024

The p.F95L variant (also known as c.285C>A), located in coding exon 1 of the AXIN2 gene, results from a C to A substitution at nucleotide position 285. The phenylalanine at codon 95 is replaced by leucine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This amino acid position is conserved. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.29	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.18
Cadd	Uncertain	23
Dann	Benign	0.94
Eigen	Benign	0.019
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.024
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.85	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.10	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.35	T
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.83	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.5	D;.;.;D;.;.;.;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.50
Sift	Uncertain	0.017	D;.;.;D;.;.;.;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D;.;.;.;.
Polyphen		0.27	.;.;B;B;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.91
MutPred		0.90		Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);Gain of disorder (P = 0.2213);
MVP		0.59
MPC		0.78
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		2.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
gMVP		0.92

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555583568; hg19: chr17-63554454;