18-51076752-G-C

Variant names:

• chr18-51076752-G-C
• rs864622428
• NM_005359.6:c.1423G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PM1 PM2

The NM_005359.6(SMAD4):​c.1423G>C​(p.Val475Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. V475V) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: SMAD4 NM_005359.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.83
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

SMAD4 (HGNC:6770): (SMAD family member 4) This gene encodes a member of the Smad family of signal transduction proteins. Smad proteins are phosphorylated and activated by transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases in response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling. The product of this gene forms homomeric complexes and heteromeric complexes with other activated Smad proteins, which then accumulate in the nucleus and regulate the transcription of target genes. This protein binds to DNA and recognizes an 8-bp palindromic sequence (GTCTAGAC) called the Smad-binding element (SBE). The protein acts as a tumor suppressor and inhibits epithelial cell proliferation. It may also have an inhibitory effect on tumors by reducing angiogenesis and increasing blood vessel hyperpermeability. The encoded protein is a crucial component of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. The Smad proteins are subject to complex regulation by post-translational modifications. Mutations or deletions in this gene have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

SMAD4 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• juvenile polyposis/hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp, G2P, PanelApp Australia
• Myhre syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• generalized juvenile polyposis/juvenile polyposis coli

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Genomics England PanelApp
• juvenile polyposis syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• pulmonary arterial hypertension

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a domain MH2 (size 229) in uniprot entity SMAD4_HUMAN there are 34 pathogenic changes around while only 2 benign (94%) in NM_005359.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SMAD4	NM_005359.6	c.1423G>C	p.Val475Leu	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 12	ENST00000342988.8	NP_005350.1
SMAD4	NM_001407041.1	c.1423G>C	p.Val475Leu	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 12		NP_001393970.1
SMAD4	NM_001407042.1	c.1423G>C	p.Val475Leu	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 12		NP_001393971.1
SMAD4	NR_176265.1	n.1961G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 11 of 13

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SMAD4	ENST00000342988.8	c.1423G>C	p.Val475Leu	missense_variant	Exon 11 of 12	5	NM_005359.6	ENSP00000341551.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Juvenile polyposis syndrome Uncertain:1

Sep 13, 2015

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is not present in population databases and has not been reported in the literature. In summary, this is a novel missense change that is not predicted to affect protein function or cause disease. However the evidence is insufficient at this time to prove that conclusively. It has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be tolerated, but these predictions have not been confirmed by published functional studies. This sequence change replaces valine with leucine at codon 475 of the SMAD4 protein (p.Val475Leu). The valine residue is highly conserved and there is a small physicochemical difference between valine and leucine. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.34	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.25
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.88	D;D;D;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.32
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.52
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.90	.;D;D;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.16	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.63	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.58	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.1	L;L;.;.
PhyloP100		9.8
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.83	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.9	N;N;.;.
REVEL	Uncertain	0.56
Sift	Benign	0.13	T;T;.;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.20	T;T;T;D
Polyphen		0.33	B;B;.;.
Vest4		0.79
MutPred		0.55		Gain of glycosylation at P472 (P = 0.1103);Gain of glycosylation at P472 (P = 0.1103);.;.;
MVP		0.97
MPC		2.0
ClinPred		0.65	D
GERP RS		5.9
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.37
gMVP		0.76
Mutation Taster		=25/75	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs864622428; hg19: chr18-48603122;