19-50416436-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 0 ACMG points: 0P and 0B.

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):c.2861C>T(p.Thr954Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0001 in 1,549,842 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T954R) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000046 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00011 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

POLD1
NM_002691.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:6

Conservation

PhyloP100: 2.31

Publications

7 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome
Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
immunodeficiency 120
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

POLD1 links:

ENSG00000142539 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000142539 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 0 ACMG points.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4 link	c.2861C>T	p.Thr954Met	missense_variant	Exon 23 of 27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2	P28340A0A024R4F4Q59FA0

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7 link	c.2861C>T	p.Thr954Met	missense_variant	Exon 23 of 27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1		P28340
ENSG00000142539	ENST00000599632.1 link	c.68C>T	p.Thr23Met	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 10	5		ENSP00000473233.1		M0R3H8

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000460

AC:

AN:

152238

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.000193

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000882

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000901

AC:

AN:

155388

AF XY:

0.0000728

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000116

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000900

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.000199

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000999

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000227

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000106

AC:

148

AN:

1397604

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000972

AC XY:

AN XY:

689518

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000633

AC:

AN:

31580

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

35774

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

25172

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000279

AC:

AN:

35806

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000883

AC:

AN:

79242

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.000104

AC:

AN:

48294

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4460

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000115

AC:

124

AN:

1079378

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000155

AC:

AN:

57898

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.483

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000460

AC:

AN:

152238

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74382

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41468

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15290

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.000193

AC:

AN:

5190

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4838

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10630

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000882

AC:

AN:

68030

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.461

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000901

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000756

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000259

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000120

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000293

AC:

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000289

AC:

AN:

3478

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:4

Jul 09, 2025

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Observed in control subjects without personal history of colorectal cancer, but not in any colorectal cancer cases (PMID: 26344056); Published functional studies demonstrate no damaging effect: did not increase relative mutation rate in yeast assay (PMID: 38219146); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26344056, 31068090, 38219146, VandePerreP2024[preprint]) -

Sep 05, 2019

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Nov 03, 2021

Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

Uncertain:1

Jan 23, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 954 of the POLD1 protein (p.Thr954Met). This variant is present in population databases (rs374016016, gnomAD 0.02%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 239315). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1

Dec 06, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.T954M variant (also known as c.2861C>T), located in coding exon 22 of the POLD1 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 2861. The threonine at codon 954 is replaced by methionine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.23

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.20

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.29

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.34

T;.;.;T

Eigen

Uncertain

0.64

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.51

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.87

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

.;.;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.42

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.57

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.68

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

4.0

H;.;.;H

PhyloP100

2.3

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.88

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.3

D;.;.;.

REVEL

Benign

0.27

Sift

Uncertain

0.0080

D;.;.;.

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.022

D;D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;.;.;D

Vest4

0.60

MVP

0.81

MPC

1.7

ClinPred

0.92

GERP RS

3.1

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Varity_R

0.35

gMVP

0.61

Mutation Taster

=37/63

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.030

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over