19-50416622-C-T

Variant names:

• chr19-50416622-C-T
• rs866317622
• NM_002691.4:c.2966C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points: 1P and 0B. PP3

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):​c.2966C>T​(p.Thr989Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000709 in 1,411,024 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T989A) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 34)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000071 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: POLD1 NM_002691.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.15
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
• Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• immunodeficiency 120

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency

  Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

ENSG00000142539 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points.

• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.807

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4	c.2966C>T	p.Thr989Met	missense_variant	Exon 24 of 27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7	c.2966C>T	p.Thr989Met	missense_variant	Exon 24 of 27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1
ENSG00000142539	ENST00000599632.1	c.173C>T	p.Thr58Met	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 10	5		ENSP00000473233.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 34

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000595 AC: 1 AN: 168190 AF XY: 0.00

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000790

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000709 AC: 10 AN: 1411024 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 34 AF XY: 0.00000573 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 698400

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 32248

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 37962

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 25282

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.0000271 AC: 1 AN: 36896

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 80668

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 43900

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5268

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000734 AC: 8 AN: 1090202

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000171 AC: 1 AN: 58598

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 34

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Jun 30, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 29056344, 27121473) -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10 Uncertain:1

Dec 17, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 989 of the POLD1 protein (p.Thr989Met). The frequency data for this variant in the population databases is considered unreliable, as metrics indicate poor data quality at this position in the gnomAD database. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 239324). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt POLD1 protein function with a negative predictive value of 80%. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Jan 14, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.T989M variant (also known as c.2966C>T), located in coding exon 23 of the POLD1 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 2966. The threonine at codon 989 is replaced by methionine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.63
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.044	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.30
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.82	D;.;.;D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.54
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.33
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.68	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	.;.;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.48	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.81	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.89	T
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.1	H;.;.;H
PhyloP100		2.1
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.92	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.8	D;.;.;.
REVEL	Benign	0.20
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;.;.;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.013	D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.;D
Vest4		0.61
MutPred		0.55		Loss of phosphorylation at T989 (P = 0.051);.;.;Loss of phosphorylation at T989 (P = 0.051);
MVP		0.82
MPC		1.7
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		2.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.2
Varity_R		0.72
gMVP		0.47
Mutation Taster		=32/68	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs866317622; hg19: chr19-50919879; COSMIC: COSV105045078;