2-47408421-G-A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM1BP6

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):c.232G>A(p.Val78Ile) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000118 in 1,611,684 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. V78A) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 31)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000011 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MSH2
NM_000251.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:2B:6

Conservation

PhyloP100: 8.66

Publications

5 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

MSH2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Lynch syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, ClinGen, Orphanet
Lynch syndrome 1
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics
Muir-Torre syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet, G2P
mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
mismatch repair cancer syndrome 2
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
ovarian cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
malignant pancreatic neoplasm
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
prostate cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
rhabdomyosarcoma
Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
breast cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
hereditary breast carcinoma
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

MSH2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 14 benign, 16 uncertain in NM_000251.3

BP6

Variant 2-47408421-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr2-47408421-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 237389.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submission is: [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3 link	c.232G>A	p.Val78Ile	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 16	ENST00000233146.7	NP_000242.1	P43246-1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7 link	c.232G>A	p.Val78Ile	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 16	1	NM_000251.3	ENSP00000233146.2		P43246-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000198

AC:

AN:

151718

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.000579

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000399

AC:

AN:

250886

AF XY:

0.0000221

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.000544

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000110

AC:

AN:

1459966

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000826

AC XY:

AN XY:

726424

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000299

AC:

AN:

33444

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44702

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26110

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.000328

AC:

AN:

39652

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86132

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53282

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5742

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

9.00e-7

AC:

AN:

1110582

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60320

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.444

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000198

AC:

AN:

151718

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000405

AC XY:

AN XY:

74044

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41268

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15224

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3464

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.000579

AC:

AN:

5184

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4816

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10480

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

67968

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2086

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.408

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.0000267

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000189

ExAC

AF:

0.0000165

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2Benign:6

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Benign:2

Nov 15, 2021

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

May 18, 2023

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Breast and/or ovarian cancer

Uncertain:1

Apr 04, 2022

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Apr 02, 2017

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is denoted MSH2 c.232G>A at the cDNA level, p.Val78Ile (V78I) at the protein level, and results in the change of a Valine to an Isoleucine (GTT>ATT). This variant has been observed in one individual with non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (Yu 2015). MSH2 Val78Ile was not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, The 1000 Genomes Consortium 2015, Lek 2016). Since Valine and Isoleucine share similar properties, this is considered a conservative amino acid substitution. MSH2 Val78Ile occurs at a position that is conserved across species and is located within the mismatch binding domain (Lutzen 2008, Kansikas 2011). In silico analyses inconsistent regarding the effect this variant may have on protein structure and function. Based on currently available information, it is unclear whether MSH2 Val78Ile is pathogenic or benign. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

not specified

Benign:1

Feb 06, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: MSH2 c.232G>A (p.Val78Ile) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-05 in 250886 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.00054 within the East Asian subpopulation in the gnomAD database. c.232G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with breast cancer without strong evidence of causality (e.g. Xie_2018, Li_2019, Hu_2022). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Lynch Syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function. These results showed no damaging effect of this variant (Jia_2021). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 29752822, 28580595, 35449176, 33357406). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 237389). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

Lynch syndrome 1

Benign:1

Jan 22, 2025

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is considered likely benign. This variant has been observed at a population frequency that is significantly greater than expected given the associated disease prevalence and penetrance. -

Lynch syndrome

Benign:1

Aug 13, 2024

All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms

Benign:1

Jan 11, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.17

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.027

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.070

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.50

T;T;.;.;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.72

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.65

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.97

D;D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.086

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.61

D;D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.78

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.7

M;.;.;.;.

PhyloP100

8.7

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.63

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.72

N;N;N;.;N

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.69

Sift

Benign

0.042

D;D;D;.;D

Sift4G

Benign

0.072

T;D;T;.;T

Polyphen

0.99

D;.;.;.;D

Vest4

0.75

MutPred

0.73

Loss of helix (P = 0.0068);.;.;Loss of helix (P = 0.0068);Loss of helix (P = 0.0068);

MVP

0.83

MPC

0.032

ClinPred

0.41

GERP RS

5.3

Varity_R

0.53

gMVP

0.34

Mutation Taster

=47/53

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over