2-47416297-G-T
Variant summary
Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -9 ACMG points: 0P and 9B. BP4BP6_Very_Strong
The NM_000251.3(MSH2):c.944G>T(p.Gly315Val) variant causes a missense, splice region change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000956 in 1,611,174 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 2/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★★★).
Frequency
Consequence
NM_000251.3 missense, splice_region
Scores
Clinical Significance
Conservation
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ACMG classification
Verdict is Benign. Variant got -9 ACMG points.
Transcripts
RefSeq
Ensembl
Frequencies
GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000592 AC: 9AN: 152106Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32
GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.000207 AC: 52AN: 251346Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.000317 AC XY: 43AN XY: 135850
GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000994 AC: 145AN: 1459068Hom.: 0 Cov.: 29 AF XY: 0.000140 AC XY: 102AN XY: 726096
GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000592 AC: 9AN: 152106Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000538 AC XY: 4AN XY: 74284
ClinVar
Submissions by phenotype
not specified Uncertain:1Benign:2
Variant summary: MSH2 c.944G>T (p.Gly315Val) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA mismatch repair protein MutS, core (IPR007696) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. c.944G>T is also close to canonical acceptor site of intron 5. Consensus agreement among computation tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00021 in 251346 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.00095 within the South Asian subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within South Asian control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 2 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in MSH2 causing Lynch Syndrome phenotype (0.00057), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of South Asian origin. c.944G>T has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Lynch Syndrome, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer and an indiviudal without cancer history (example, Gonzalez-Garay_2013, Johnston_2012, Syngal_1999, Thompson_2020), without strong evidence for causality. These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Lynch Syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (Thompson_2020). These results showed no damaging effect of this variant by splicing assays. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 24082139, 22703879, 10422993, 32849802). Nine submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 (VUS=1, Benign/Likely Benign=8). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -
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not provided Uncertain:1Benign:2
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This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 10422993, 24082139, 22703879, 19690142, 25559809, 25203624, 26976419, 27600092, 27720647, 32849802) -
Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:3
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This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
MSH2-related disorder Benign:1
This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -
Lynch syndrome 1 Benign:1
This variant is considered benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 27363726]. This variant has been observed in conjunction with multiple pathogenic variants, reducing the likelihood this variant itself is pathogenic. -
Lynch syndrome Benign:1
Multifactorial likelihood analysis posterior probability < 0.05 (0.009) -
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Benign:1
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Malignant tumor of breast Benign:1
The MSH2 p.Gly315Val variant was identified in 6 of 3350 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.002) from individuals or families with Lynch Syndrome, colon cancer, or breast cancer and was not identified in 172 control chromosomes from healthy individuals (Gonzalez-Garay 2013, Johnston 2012, Mueller 2009, Pillar 2015, Syngal 1999, Tung 2016). The variant was also identified in dbSNP (ID: rs202026056) as "With Uncertain significance allele", and in ClinVar (classified as benign by Invitae, Ambry Genetics; as likely benign by GeneDx, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano; as uncertain significance by Color Genomics and Biesecker Lab/Human Development Section, National Institutes of Health). The variant was not identified in GeneInsight-COGR, Cosmic, MutDB, UMD-LSDB, Zhejiang University Database, Mismatch Repair Genes Variant Database, or in Insight Hereditary Tumors Database. The variant was identified in control databases in 55 of 277094 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0002 increasing the likelihood this could be a low frequency benign variant (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). The variant was observed in the following populations: Other in 1 of 6464 chromosomes (freq: 0.000155), European in 3 of 126640 chromosomes (freq: 0.00002), Ashkenazi Jewish in 21 of 10152 chromosomes (freq: 0.002), and South Asian in 30 of 30778 chromosomes (freq: 0.001), while the variant was not observed in the African, Latino, East Asian, and Finnish populations. The p.Gly315 residue is conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) provide inconsistent predictions regarding the impact to the protein; this information is not very predictive of pathogenicity. The p.Gly315Val variant occurs in the first three bases of the exon. This position has been shown to be part of the splicing consensus sequence and variants involving this position sometimes affect splicing. However, in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time although we would lean towards a more benign role for this variant. This variant is classified as likely benign. -
Computational scores
Source:
Splicing
Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at