2-47416297-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -9 ACMG points: 0P and 9B. BP4BP6_Very_Strong

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.944G>T​(p.Gly315Val) variant causes a missense, splice region change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000956 in 1,611,174 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 2/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000059 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)
Exomes 𝑓: 0.000099 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MSH2
NM_000251.3 missense, splice_region

Scores

4
11
4
Splicing: ADA: 0.9587
1
1

Clinical Significance

Likely benign reviewed by expert panel U:2B:12

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.45
Variant links:
Genes affected
MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

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ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Benign. Variant got -9 ACMG points.

BP4
Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.37968466).
BP6
Variant 2-47416297-G-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr2-47416297-G-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_benign]. Clinvar id is 41652.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr2-47416297-G-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_benign].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect Exon rank MANE Protein UniProt
MSH2NM_000251.3 linkc.944G>T p.Gly315Val missense_variant, splice_region_variant Exon 6 of 16 ENST00000233146.7 NP_000242.1 P43246-1

Ensembl

Gene Transcript HGVSc HGVSp Effect Exon rank TSL MANE Protein Appris UniProt
MSH2ENST00000233146.7 linkc.944G>T p.Gly315Val missense_variant, splice_region_variant Exon 6 of 16 1 NM_000251.3 ENSP00000233146.2 P43246-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes
AF:
0.0000592
AC:
9
AN:
152106
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
32
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMI
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR
AF:
0.0000655
Gnomad ASJ
AF:
0.00144
Gnomad EAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS
AF:
0.000207
Gnomad FIN
AF:
0.00
Gnomad MID
AF:
0.00
Gnomad NFE
AF:
0.0000294
Gnomad OTH
AF:
0.00
GnomAD3 exomes
AF:
0.000207
AC:
52
AN:
251346
Hom.:
0
AF XY:
0.000317
AC XY:
43
AN XY:
135850
show subpopulations
Gnomad AFR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad AMR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad ASJ exome
AF:
0.00198
Gnomad EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad SAS exome
AF:
0.000947
Gnomad FIN exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad NFE exome
AF:
0.0000176
Gnomad OTH exome
AF:
0.000163
GnomAD4 exome
AF:
0.0000994
AC:
145
AN:
1459068
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
29
AF XY:
0.000140
AC XY:
102
AN XY:
726096
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 AMR exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 ASJ exome
AF:
0.00176
Gnomad4 EAS exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS exome
AF:
0.000928
Gnomad4 FIN exome
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 NFE exome
AF:
0.00000991
Gnomad4 OTH exome
AF:
0.000116
GnomAD4 genome
AF:
0.0000592
AC:
9
AN:
152106
Hom.:
0
Cov.:
32
AF XY:
0.0000538
AC XY:
4
AN XY:
74284
show subpopulations
Gnomad4 AFR
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 AMR
AF:
0.0000655
Gnomad4 ASJ
AF:
0.00144
Gnomad4 EAS
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 SAS
AF:
0.000207
Gnomad4 FIN
AF:
0.00
Gnomad4 NFE
AF:
0.0000294
Gnomad4 OTH
AF:
0.00
Alfa
AF:
0.000290
Hom.:
0
Bravo
AF:
0.0000756
ExAC
AF:
0.000173
AC:
21

ClinVar

Significance: Likely benign
Submissions summary: Uncertain:2Benign:12
Revision: reviewed by expert panel
LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1Benign:2
Oct 30, 2023
Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: MSH2 c.944G>T (p.Gly315Val) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the DNA mismatch repair protein MutS, core (IPR007696) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. c.944G>T is also close to canonical acceptor site of intron 5. Consensus agreement among computation tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00021 in 251346 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.00095 within the South Asian subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within South Asian control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 2 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in MSH2 causing Lynch Syndrome phenotype (0.00057), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of South Asian origin. c.944G>T has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Lynch Syndrome, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer and an indiviudal without cancer history (example, Gonzalez-Garay_2013, Johnston_2012, Syngal_1999, Thompson_2020), without strong evidence for causality. These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Lynch Syndrome. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (Thompson_2020). These results showed no damaging effect of this variant by splicing assays. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 24082139, 22703879, 10422993, 32849802). Nine submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 (VUS=1, Benign/Likely Benign=8). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

May 18, 2018
Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 04, 2025
Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided Uncertain:1Benign:2
Jul 13, 2012
Biesecker Lab/Clinical Genomics Section, National Institutes of Health
Significance: Uncertain significance
Review Status: no assertion criteria provided
Collection Method: research

- -

Sep 06, 2023
Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Aug 03, 2020
GeneDx
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 10422993, 24082139, 22703879, 19690142, 25559809, 25203624, 26976419, 27600092, 27720647, 32849802) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:3
May 05, 2021
Sema4, Sema4
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: curation

- -

May 23, 2018
Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 21, 2016
Ambry Genetics
Significance: Benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

MSH2-related disorder Benign:1
Feb 21, 2020
PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: no assertion criteria provided
Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

Lynch syndrome 1 Benign:1
Dec 05, 2024
Myriad Genetics, Inc.
Significance: Benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is considered benign. This variant is strongly associated with less severe personal and family histories of cancer, typical for individuals without pathogenic variants in this gene [PMID: 27363726]. This variant has been observed in conjunction with multiple pathogenic variants, reducing the likelihood this variant itself is pathogenic. -

Lynch syndrome Benign:1
Dec 19, 2018
International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: reviewed by expert panel
Collection Method: curation

Multifactorial likelihood analysis posterior probability < 0.05 (0.009) -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Benign:1
Jan 21, 2025
Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp
Significance: Benign
Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter
Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Malignant tumor of breast Benign:1
-
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System
Significance: Likely benign
Review Status: no assertion criteria provided
Collection Method: clinical testing

The MSH2 p.Gly315Val variant was identified in 6 of 3350 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.002) from individuals or families with Lynch Syndrome, colon cancer, or breast cancer and was not identified in 172 control chromosomes from healthy individuals (Gonzalez-Garay 2013, Johnston 2012, Mueller 2009, Pillar 2015, Syngal 1999, Tung 2016). The variant was also identified in dbSNP (ID: rs202026056) as "With Uncertain significance allele", and in ClinVar (classified as benign by Invitae, Ambry Genetics; as likely benign by GeneDx, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano; as uncertain significance by Color Genomics and Biesecker Lab/Human Development Section, National Institutes of Health). The variant was not identified in GeneInsight-COGR, Cosmic, MutDB, UMD-LSDB, Zhejiang University Database, Mismatch Repair Genes Variant Database, or in Insight Hereditary Tumors Database. The variant was identified in control databases in 55 of 277094 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0002 increasing the likelihood this could be a low frequency benign variant (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). The variant was observed in the following populations: Other in 1 of 6464 chromosomes (freq: 0.000155), European in 3 of 126640 chromosomes (freq: 0.00002), Ashkenazi Jewish in 21 of 10152 chromosomes (freq: 0.002), and South Asian in 30 of 30778 chromosomes (freq: 0.001), while the variant was not observed in the African, Latino, East Asian, and Finnish populations. The p.Gly315 residue is conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) provide inconsistent predictions regarding the impact to the protein; this information is not very predictive of pathogenicity. The p.Gly315Val variant occurs in the first three bases of the exon. This position has been shown to be part of the splicing consensus sequence and variants involving this position sometimes affect splicing. However, in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time although we would lean towards a more benign role for this variant. This variant is classified as likely benign. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
AlphaMissense
Benign
0.11
BayesDel_addAF
Pathogenic
0.18
D
BayesDel_noAF
Pathogenic
0.42
CADD
Uncertain
24
DANN
Uncertain
0.99
DEOGEN2
Uncertain
0.75
D;.;.;.
Eigen
Uncertain
0.23
Eigen_PC
Uncertain
0.39
FATHMM_MKL
Pathogenic
1.0
D
LIST_S2
Uncertain
0.91
D;D;D;D
M_CAP
Uncertain
0.16
D
MetaRNN
Benign
0.38
T;T;T;T
MetaSVM
Uncertain
0.37
D
MutationAssessor
Benign
2.0
M;.;.;.
PrimateAI
Uncertain
0.64
T
PROVEAN
Uncertain
-4.3
D;D;.;D
REVEL
Pathogenic
0.79
Sift
Uncertain
0.0010
D;D;.;D
Sift4G
Uncertain
0.048
D;D;.;D
Polyphen
0.0060
B;.;.;B
Vest4
0.87
MVP
0.99
MPC
0.0069
ClinPred
0.15
T
GERP RS
5.6
Varity_R
0.72
gMVP
0.41

Splicing

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA
Pathogenic
0.96
dbscSNV1_RF
Benign
0.71
SpliceAI score (max)
0.0
Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs202026056; hg19: chr2-47643436; API