21-31659806-G-C

Variant names:

• chr21-31659806-G-C
• rs121912456
• NM_000454.5:c.37G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points: 10P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Moderate

The NM_000454.5(SOD1):​c.37G>C​(p.Gly13Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: SOD1 NM_000454.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.03

Genes affected

SOD1 (HGNC:11179): (superoxide dismutase 1) The protein encoded by this gene binds copper and zinc ions and is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. The encoded isozyme is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The other isozyme is a mitochondrial protein. In addition, this protein contains an antimicrobial peptide that displays antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-MRSA activity against E. coli, E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. aureus MRSA LPV+, S. agalactiae, and yeast C. krusei. Mutations in this gene have been implicated as causes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rare transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

SOD1-DT (HGNC:55683): (SOD1 divergent transcript)

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (size 152) in uniprot entity SODC_HUMAN there are 55 pathogenic changes around while only 1 benign (98%) in NM_000454.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.987
• PP5: Variant 21-31659806-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr21-31659806-G-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 14780.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SOD1	NM_000454.5	c.37G>C	p.Gly13Arg	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 5	ENST00000270142.11	NP_000445.1
SOD1-DT	NR_187558.1	n.219C>G		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SOD1	ENST00000270142.11	c.37G>C	p.Gly13Arg	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 5	1	NM_000454.5	ENSP00000270142.7
SOD1	ENST00000389995.4	c.15+22G>C		intron_variant	Intron 1 of 4	3		ENSP00000374645.4
SOD1	ENST00000470944.1	n.98G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 5	2
SOD1	ENST00000476106.5	n.114G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 5	5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 Pathogenic:3

Apr 17, 2025

Human Genome Lab, NIMHANS, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The SOD1 gene encodes superoxide dismutase-1, a cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thus providing a defense against oxygen toxicity.The genomic variant c.37G>C p.Gly13Arg rs121912456 on the SOD1 gene is a missense mutation that results in the substitution of glycine with arginine at the 13th amino acid position of the SOD1 protein. This variant has been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and respiratory failure.The variant is not found in gnomad 4.1 joint database. The reference nucleotide is conserved across vertebrates. The variant is predicted to be damaging in multiple tools such as CADD 1.7, SIFT, PolyPHen2, M-CAP etc. -

May 01, 2001

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Dec 15, 2020

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt SOD1 protein function. This variant has been observed in individual(s) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PMID: 28035186, 11369193, 14506936). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 14780). This variant is also known as p.Gly12Arg. This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change replaces glycine with arginine at codon 13 of the SOD1 protein (p.Gly13Arg). The glycine residue is moderately conserved and there is a moderate physicochemical difference between glycine and arginine. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.40
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.35	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.27
CADD	Benign	23
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D
Eigen	Benign	-0.14
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.33
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.65	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.95	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.7	H
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.51	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.0	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.75
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.026	D
Polyphen		0.97	D
Vest4		0.74
MutPred		0.86		Gain of solvent accessibility (P = 0.019);
MVP		0.96
MPC		2.2
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		2.0
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.8
Varity_R		0.78
gMVP		0.85

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121912456; hg19: chr21-33032119;