21-37420374-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -3 ACMG points: 0P and 3B. BP4_Moderate BS1_Supporting

The NM_001347721.2(DYRK1A):c.-1G>A variant causes a 5 prime UTR change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000279 in 1,611,394 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000030 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: DYRK1A NM_001347721.2 5_prime_UTR
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.96

Genes affected

DYRK1A (HGNC:3091): (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A) This gene encodes a member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. This member contains a nuclear targeting signal sequence, a protein kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif, and a highly conservative 13-consecutive-histidine repeat. It catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. This gene is a homolog of Drosophila mnb (minibrain) gene and rat Dyrk gene. It is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21, and is considered to be a strong candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or in the 3' coding region. These variants encode at least five different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -3 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.24).
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. gnomad4_exome allele frequency = 0.0000301 (44/1459468) while in subpopulation NFE AF= 0.000036 (40/1110412). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.0000271. There are 0 homozygotes in gnomad4_exome. There are 19 alleles in male gnomad4_exome subpopulation. Median coverage is 30. This position pass quality control queck. Existence of Clinvar submissions makes me limit the strength of this signal to Supporting

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
DYRK1A	NM_001347721.2	c.-1G>A		5_prime_UTR_variant	2/12	ENST00000647188.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
DYRK1A	ENST00000647188.2	c.-1G>A		5_prime_UTR_variant	2/12		NM_001347721.2	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000658 AC: 1 AN: 151926 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000120 AC: 3 AN: 249494 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000148 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 134812

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000177

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000165

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000301 AC: 44 AN: 1459468 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.0000262 AC XY: 19 AN XY: 726036

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000360

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000664

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000658 AC: 1 AN: 151926 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74190

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.0000313 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

EpiCase AF: 0.0000547

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Mar 22, 2017

A variant of uncertain significance has been identified in the DYRK1A gene. The c.-1 G>A variant has not been published as a pathogenic variant, nor has it been reported as a benign variant to our knowledge. The c.-1 G>A variant is observed in 2/66452 (0.003%) alleles from individuals of European background (Lek et al., 2016; 1000 Genomes Consortium et al., 2015; Exome Variant Server). The c.-1 G>A variant alters a position that is conserved in the Kozak sequence, which plays a role in the initiation of protein translation. However, in the absence of RNA/functional studies, the actual effect of the c.-1 G>A variant in this individual is uncertain. Additionally, to our knowledge, no regulatory variants have been reported in the DYRK1A gene in association with DYRK1A-related disorders (Stenson et al., 2014). Therefore, based on the currently available information, it is unclear whether this variant is a pathogenic variant or a rare benign variant. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.24
Cadd	Uncertain	23
Dann	Benign	0.94

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs780371719; hg19: chr21-38792676;