22-28711959-T-C

Variant names:

• chr22-28711959-T-C
• rs779457035
• NM_007194.4:c.742A>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -1 ACMG points: 2P and 3B. PM2 BP4_Moderate BS2_Supporting

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):​c.742A>G​(p.Ile248Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000342 in 1,461,728 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. I248M) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CHEK2 NM_007194.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:11
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.844
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

CHEK2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• CHEK2-related cancer predisposition

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen
• Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
• acute myeloid leukemia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen
• familial ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -1 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.09711397).
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 5 AD gene. Variant has AC lower than other variant known as pathogenic in the gene, so the strength is limited to Supporting.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	c.742A>G	p.Ile248Val	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 15	ENST00000404276.6	NP_009125.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	c.742A>G	p.Ile248Val	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 15	1	NM_007194.4	ENSP00000385747.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251380 AF XY: 0.00000736

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000342 AC: 5 AN: 1461728 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 727162

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26132

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39688

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86254

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53336

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000450 AC: 5 AN: 1111952

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60394

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.00

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:11

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:4

Mar 08, 2023

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -

Dec 02, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 248 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Ile248Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs779457035, gnomAD 0.0009%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CHEK2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 216651). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function outputs the following: PolyPhen-2: "Benign". The valine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Jun 07, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 12, 2018

Counsyl

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

not provided Uncertain:2

Oct 18, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The CHEK2 c.742A>G (p.Ile248Val) variant has been reported in the published literature in an individual with ovarian cancer who carried a second CHEK2 variant of uncertain significance (PMID: 32885271 (2021)). Functional studies demonstrated that this variant has an inconclusive effect on protein function (PMID: 37449874 (2023)). The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.000004 (1/251380 chromosomes (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)), is uninformative in the assessment of its pathogenicity. Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Jul 31, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 19782031, 22419737) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Oct 30, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.I248V variant (also known as c.742A>G), located in coding exon 5 of the CHEK2 gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 742. The isoleucine at codon 248 is replaced by valine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This variant was observed in 1/3251 individuals who met eligibility criteria for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (Lerner-Ellis J et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2021 Mar;147:871-879). This alteration was reported as functional in a study assessing CHEK2-complementation through quantification of KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells (Stolarova L et al. Clin Cancer Res, 2023 Aug;29:3037-3050). This amino acid position is not well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Dec 13, 2022

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces isoleucine with valine at codon 248 of the CHEK2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with CHEK2-related disorders in the literature. This variant has been identified in 1/251380 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified Uncertain:1

May 17, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: CHEK2 c.742A>G (p.Ile248Val) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Protein kinase domain of the encoded protein sequence. Three of four in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 251380 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.742A>G in individuals affected with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. Six clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Familial cancer of breast;C0376358:Prostate cancer;C0585442:Bone osteosarcoma;C5882668:CHEK2-related cancer predisposition Uncertain:1

Oct 31, 2018

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Familial ovarian cancer Uncertain:1

-

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The CHEK2 p.Ile248Val variant was not identified in the literature. The variant was identified in dbSNP (ID: rs779457035) as "With Uncertain significance allele" and ClinVar (classified as uncertain significance by Invitae, GeneDx, Ambry Genetics, Color and Counsyl). The variant was identified in control databases in 1 of 246160 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.000004 (Genome Aggregation Database Feb 27, 2017). The variant was observed in the European population in 1 of 111674 chromosomes (freq: 0.000009), while the variant was not observed in the African, Other, Latino, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, Finnish, or South Asian populations. The p.Ile248 residue is not conserved in mammals and four out of five computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) do not suggest a high likelihood of impact to the protein; however, this information is not predictive enough to rule out pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information, the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time. This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.061
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.067	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.33
CADD	Benign	9.2
DANN	Benign	0.86
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.076	T;.;T;.;T;.;T;.;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.72
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.54
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.31	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.79	.;T;.;T;.;T;T;T;.;T;T;T;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.010	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.097	T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.91	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	-0.64	N;N;N;.;N;.;N;.;N;.;.;.;.
PhyloP100		0.84
PrimateAI	Benign	0.36	T
PROVEAN	Benign	0.24	N;N;N;.;N;N;.;N;N;N;.;N;N
REVEL	Benign	0.029
Sift	Benign	0.99	T;T;T;.;T;T;.;T;T;T;.;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	1.0	T;T;T;.;T;T;.;T;T;T;.;.;T
Polyphen		0.0040	B;B;B;.;B;B;B;B;B;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.26
MutPred		0.43		Gain of methylation at K249 (P = 0.0685);Gain of methylation at K249 (P = 0.0685);Gain of methylation at K249 (P = 0.0685);.;Gain of methylation at K249 (P = 0.0685);.;Gain of methylation at K249 (P = 0.0685);.;Gain of methylation at K249 (P = 0.0685);.;.;.;.;
MVP		0.75
MPC		0.019
ClinPred		0.039	T
GERP RS		0.40
PromoterAI		0.11	Neutral
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1
Varity_R		0.031
gMVP		0.27
Mutation Taster		=90/10	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs779457035; hg19: chr22-29107947;