22-28724989-T-G

Variant names:

• chr22-28724989-T-G
• rs786203042
• NM_007194.4:c.580A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 0 ACMG points: 4P and 4B. PM1 PM2 BP4_Strong

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):​c.580A>C​(p.Ser194Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,812 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 17/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S194C) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CHEK2 NM_007194.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.48
• Publications: 4 publications found

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

CHEK2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• CHEK2-related cancer predisposition

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen
• Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
• acute myeloid leukemia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen
• familial ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 0 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 53 uncertain in NM_007194.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.060394794).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	c.580A>C	p.Ser194Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 15	ENST00000404276.6	NP_009125.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	c.580A>C	p.Ser194Arg	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 15	1	NM_007194.4	ENSP00000385747.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461812 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 727208

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26134

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39678

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86254

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000180 AC: 2 AN: 1111962

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60394

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Sep 16, 2020

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces serine with arginine at codon 194 of the CHEK2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has not been reported in individuals affected with hereditary cancer in the literature. This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Dec 12, 2023

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.S194R variant (also known as c.580A>C), located in coding exon 3 of the CHEK2 gene, results from an A to C substitution at nucleotide position 580. The serine at codon 194 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with dissimilar properties. This alteration was reported as functional in a study assessing CHEK2-complementation through quantification of KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells (Stolarova L et al. Clin Cancer Res, 2023 Aug;29:3037-3050). This amino acid position is poorly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Nov 03, 2021

Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Nov 19, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 194 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Ser194Arg). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CHEK2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 491619). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be tolerated. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.29
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.037	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.29
CADD	Benign	17
DANN	Benign	0.14
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.088	T;.;T;T;.;T;.;.;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.90
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.79
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.024	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.76	.;T;.;.;T;T;.;T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.030	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.060	T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.71	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.75	N;N;N;N;.;N;N;.;.
PhyloP100		2.5
PrimateAI	Benign	0.37	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.32	N;N;N;N;N;.;N;N;.
REVEL	Benign	0.15
Sift	Benign	0.53	T;T;T;T;T;.;T;T;.
Sift4G	Benign	0.62	T;T;T;T;T;.;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.0010	B;B;B;B;B;B;B;.;.
Vest4		0.35
MutPred		0.43		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);
MVP		0.84
MPC		0.021
ClinPred		0.027	T
GERP RS		3.6
Varity_R		0.14
gMVP		0.48
Mutation Taster		=83/17	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs786203042; hg19: chr22-29120977;