22-28734552-G-A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points: 2P and 1B. PM2BP4

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):c.170C>T(p.Ser57Phe) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000031 in 1,613,856 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S57P) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 31)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

CHEK2
NM_007194.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:10

Conservation

PhyloP100: 6.35

Publications

7 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

CHEK2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

CHEK2-related cancer predisposition
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
hereditary breast carcinoma
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen
Li-Fraumeni syndrome 2
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
acute myeloid leukemia
Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen
familial ovarian cancer
Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

CHEK2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 1 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.4116491).

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_007194.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	MANE Select	c.170C>T	p.Ser57Phe	missense	Exon 2 of 15	NP_009125.1
CHEK2	NM_001257387.3		c.-608C>T		5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain	Exon 2 of 16	NP_001244316.1
CHEK2	NM_001005735.3		c.170C>T	p.Ser57Phe	missense	Exon 2 of 16	NP_001005735.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.170C>T	p.Ser57Phe	missense	Exon 2 of 15	ENSP00000385747.1
CHEK2	ENST00000382580.6	TSL:1	c.170C>T	p.Ser57Phe	missense	Exon 2 of 16	ENSP00000372023.2
CHEK2	ENST00000402731.6	TSL:1	c.170C>T	p.Ser57Phe	missense	Exon 1 of 13	ENSP00000384835.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000658

AC:

AN:

151964

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251454

AF XY:

0.00000736

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000274

AC:

AN:

1461892

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000275

AC XY:

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00000360

AC:

AN:

1112010

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000658

AC:

AN:

151964

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74218

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41358

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15242

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3466

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5164

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4794

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10602

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000147

AC:

AN:

68020

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2094

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.575

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:10

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast

Uncertain:4

Jan 27, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with phenylalanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 57 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Ser57Phe). This variant is present in population databases (rs730881695, gnomAD 0.0009%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with colorectal cancer (PMID: 28709830, 34326862). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 182445). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect CHEK2 function (PMID: 30851065). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Feb 05, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Oct 16, 2017

Counsyl

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com.

Mar 08, 2023

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk.

not provided

Uncertain:2

Sep 01, 2023

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

CHEK2: PM2, BS3:Supporting

Mar 02, 2023

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with breast or pancreatic cancer (Schoolmeester et al., 2017; Cremin et al., 2020); Published functional studies demonstrate no damaging effect: growth similar to wild type after DNA damage (Delimitsou et al., 2019); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 22114986, 11733767, 32255556, 28709830, 30851065)

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:2

Apr 09, 2025

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This missense variant replaces serine with phenylalanine at codon 57 of the CHEK2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function. A functional study in yeast has shown this variant to be benign (PMID: 30851065). This variant has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer, who also carried a pathogenic RAD51C variant (PMID: 28709830). This variant has been identified in 1/251454 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Jan 09, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.S57F variant (also known as c.170C>T), located in coding exon 1 of the CHEK2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 170. The serine at codon 57 is replaced by phenylalanine, an amino acid with highly dissimilar properties. This alteration was detected in conjunction with a pathogenic RAD51C mutation in an individual with early-onset breast cancer (Schoolmeester JK et al. Hum. Pathol., 2017 12;70:14-26). This alteration was also detected in an individual diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (Cremin C et al. Cancer Med, 2020 06;9:4004-4013). This alteration behaved as functional in an in vivo, yeast-based growth rate assay (Delimitsou A et al. Hum Mutat, 2019 05;40:631-648). This alteration was also reported as functional in a study assessing CHEK2-complementation through quantification of KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells (Stolarova L et al. Clin Cancer Res, 2023 Aug;29:3037-3050). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear.

not specified

Uncertain:1

Apr 25, 2019

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: CHEK2 c.170C>T (p.Ser57Phe) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 251454 control chromosomes (gnomAD). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. The variant, c.170C>T has been reported in the literature in an individual affected with breast cancer. This patient also carried a RAD51C exon 6 deletion (Schoolmeester_2017). This report however, does not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. In a yeast functional assay, this variant was found to be benign (Delimitsou_2019). However, this evidence does not allow convincing conclusions about the variant effect. Five ClinVar submissions from clinical diagnostic laboratories (evaluation after 2014) cites the variant as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as VUS - possibly benign.

Familial cancer of breast;C0376358:Prostate cancer;C0585442:Bone osteosarcoma;C5882668:CHEK2-related cancer predisposition

Uncertain:1

May 23, 2017

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.53

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.21

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.060

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.42

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.77

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.76

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.95

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.90

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.16

MetaRNN

Benign

0.41

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.87

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.3

PhyloP100

6.3

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.66

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-2.9

REVEL

Benign

0.23

Sift

Uncertain

0.0030

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0040

Polyphen

1.0

Vest4

0.63

MutPred

0.22

Loss of phosphorylation at S57 (P = 0.0031)

MVP

0.98

MPC

0.17

ClinPred

0.94

GERP RS

5.4

PromoterAI

-0.0081

Neutral

(source)

Varity_R

0.45

gMVP

0.52

Mutation Taster

=43/57

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Variant Effect in Transcripts

RefSeq Transcripts

Ensembl Transcripts

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over