3-12585135-T-C

Position:

• chr3-12585135-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 3P and 5B. PM1 PP2 BP4 BS2

The NM_002880.4(RAF1):​c.1655A>G​(p.Asn552Ser) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000479 in 1,461,894 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. N552K) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000048 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: RAF1 NM_002880.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.19

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MKRN2 (HGNC:7113): (makorin ring finger protein 2) This gene encodes a probable E3 ubiquitin ligase containing several zinc finger domains, that is a member of the makorin RING zinc-finger protein family. This gene overlaps the v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (RAF1) gene in an antisense orientation and may have a co-regulatory function with RAF1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a domain Protein kinase (size 260) in uniprot entity RAF1_HUMAN there are 17 pathogenic changes around while only 4 benign (81%) in NM_002880.4
• PP2: Missense variant in gene, where missense usually causes diseases (based on misZ statistic), RAF1. . Gene score misZ 2.4628 (greater than the threshold 3.09). Trascript score misZ 3.4185 (greater than threshold 3.09). GenCC has associacion of gene with Noonan syndrome 5, dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, LEOPARD syndrome 2, Costello syndrome.
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.29570776).
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 7 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4	c.1655A>G	p.Asn552Ser	missense_variant	15/17	ENST00000251849.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9	c.1655A>G	p.Asn552Ser	missense_variant	15/17	1	NM_002880.4	P3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251314 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135814

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000479 AC: 7 AN: 1461894 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 34 AF XY: 0.00000688 AC XY: 5 AN XY: 727248

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.000101

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Feb 05, 2018

A variant of uncertain significance has been identified in the RAF1 gene. The N552S variant has not been published as pathogenic or been reported as benign to our knowledge. The N552S variant is not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016). In-silico analyses, including protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, support a deleterious effect. Furthermore, the majority of missense variants in the RAF1 gene are pathogenic (Stenson et al., 2014). However, the N552S variant is a conservative amino acid substitution, which is not likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues share similar properties. Therefore, based on the currently available information, it is unclear whether this variant is pathogenic or rare benign. -

Cardiovascular phenotype Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Aug 04, 2023

The p.N552S variant (also known as c.1655A>G), located in coding exon 14 of the RAF1 gene, results from an A to G substitution at nucleotide position 1655. The asparagine at codon 552 is replaced by serine, an amino acid with highly similar properties. This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

RASopathy Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Jan 24, 2024

This sequence change replaces asparagine, which is neutral and polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 552 of the RAF1 protein (p.Asn552Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs775817988, gnomAD 0.006%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with RAF1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 40622). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function output the following: SIFT: "Not Available"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Not Available". The serine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.057
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.15	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.28
CADD	Benign	20
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.83	D;.;D
Eigen	Benign	-0.43
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.23
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.85	T;T;T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.25	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.30	T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.40	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.25	N;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	0.86	D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.58	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.2	D;D;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.41
Sift	Benign	0.17	T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.18	T;T;T
Polyphen		0.0090	B;.;.
Vest4		0.18
MutPred		0.44		Gain of glycosylation at Y548 (P = 0.0451);.;.;
MVP		0.80
MPC		0.18
ClinPred		0.28	T
GERP RS		3.1
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.46
gMVP		0.56

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs775817988; hg19: chr3-12626634; COSMIC: COSV50105458; COSMIC: COSV50105458;