3-12604201-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 15 ACMG points: 15P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_002880.4(RAF1):c.769T>A(p.Ser257Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S257L) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: RAF1 NM_002880.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.32

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 15 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 8 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 8 uncertain in NM_002880.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr3-12604200-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 13957.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant where missense usually causes diseases, RAF1
• PP5: Variant 3-12604201-A-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-12604201-A-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 618340.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4	c.769T>A	p.Ser257Thr	missense_variant	7/17	ENST00000251849.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9	c.769T>A	p.Ser257Thr	missense_variant	7/17	1	NM_002880.4	P3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Jun 07, 2017

- -

RASopathy Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Apr 24, 2023

In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Ser257 amino acid residue in RAF1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 17603482, 17603483, 20052757, 22389993, 23877478). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt RAF1 protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 618340). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with RAF1-related conditions. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 257 of the RAF1 protein (p.Ser257Thr). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.87
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.21	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.070
Cadd	Pathogenic	27
Dann	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.64	D;.;T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.76
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.72
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.93	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.97	D;D;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.23	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.59	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.39	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.0	M;M;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.81	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.9	N;N;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.54
Sift	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.058	T;D;D
Polyphen		0.84	P;.;.
Vest4		0.60
MutPred		0.22		Gain of glycosylation at S252 (P = 0.0093);Gain of glycosylation at S252 (P = 0.0093);.;
MVP		0.84
MPC		0.78
ClinPred		0.95	D
GERP RS		5.7
Varity_R		0.80
gMVP		0.76

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs727505017; hg19: chr3-12645700;