3-37048901-C-G

Position:

• chr3-37048901-C-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM2 PP5

The NM_000249.4(MLH1):​c.1990-3C>G variant causes a splice region, intron change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: MLH1 NM_000249.4 splice_region, intron
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 0.9999
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:3 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.90

Genes affected

MLH1 (HGNC:7127): (mutL homolog 1) The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

MLH1 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 3-37048901-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-37048901-C-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 89988.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=1, Likely_pathogenic=1}. Variant chr3-37048901-C-G is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MLH1	NM_000249.4	c.1990-3C>G		splice_region_variant, intron_variant		ENST00000231790.8	NP_000240.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MLH1	ENST00000231790.8	c.1990-3C>G		splice_region_variant, intron_variant		1	NM_000249.4	ENSP00000231790.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Joint Genome Diagnostic Labs from Nijmegen and Maastricht, Radboudumc and MUMC+	-	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center	-	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Feb 03, 2023

The c.1990-3C>G intronic variant results from a C to G substitution 3 nucleotides upstream from coding exon 18 in the MLH1 gene. This variant was identified in an individual diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) at age 32 and in two of his relatives who were also diagnosed with CRC. RT-PCR analysis of patient RNA in the same study was reported to cause a defective exon 18 splice acceptor site with activation of a cryptic splice acceptor site in intron 17, which resulted in the incorporation of 83 nucleotides of intron 17 in the mature mRNA (data were not shown, Güran S et al. Cancer Genet Cytogenet, 2005 Jul;160:164-8). This variant has been identified in a proband whose Lynch syndrome-associated tumor demonstrated loss of MLH1/PMS2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), where MLH1 promotor hypermethylation was negative (Ambry internal data). This alteration has also been identified as somatic in conjunction with a somatic pathogenic MLH1 variant in a CRC tumor with loss of MLH1/PMS2 expression by IHC, where MLH1 promotor hypermethylation was negative (Ambry internal data). This nucleotide position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice acceptor site and will result in the creation or strengthening of a novel splice acceptor site; however, direct evidence is insufficient at this time (Ambry internal data). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Based on the majority of available evidence to date, this variant is likely to be pathogenic. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Feb 20, 2020

This variant has been observed in individual(s) with colorectal cancer (PMID: 15993273). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. This variant is also known as IVS17-3C>G in the literature. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 89988). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Nucleotide substitutions within the consensus splice site are a relatively common cause of aberrant splicing (PMID: 17576681, 9536098). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site, but this prediction has not been confirmed by published transcriptional studies. This variant has been reported to have conflicting or insufficient data to determine the effect on MLH1 protein function (PMID: 15993273). This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change falls in intron 17 of the MLH1 gene. It does not directly change the encoded amino acid sequence of the MLH1 protein, but it affects a nucleotide within the consensus splice site of the intron. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.36
CADD	Benign	22
DANN	Benign	0.91

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.83
SpliceAI score (max)		0.72		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.60		Position offset: -19
DS_AL_spliceai		0.72		Position offset: 3

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs267607882; hg19: chr3-37090392;