3-37048954-C-A

Position:

• chr3-37048954-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000249.4(MLH1):​c.2040C>A​(p.Cys680Ter) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: MLH1 NM_000249.4 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:6
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.510

Genes affected

MLH1 (HGNC:7127): (mutL homolog 1) The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 3-37048954-C-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-37048954-C-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 90009.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr3-37048954-C-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MLH1	NM_000249.4	c.2040C>A	p.Cys680Ter	stop_gained	18/19	ENST00000231790.8	NP_000240.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MLH1	ENST00000231790.8	c.2040C>A	p.Cys680Ter	stop_gained	18/19	1	NM_000249.4	ENSP00000231790	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2 Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Mar 06, 2023	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Jul 25, 2023	This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a termination codon and is predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -

Lynch syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel	research	International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)	Sep 05, 2013	Coding sequence variation resulting in a stop codon -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System	-	- -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jun 10, 2022

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 90009). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with MLH1-related conditions. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Cys680*) in the MLH1 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in MLH1 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 15713769, 24362816). -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Nov 09, 2021

The p.C680* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.2040C>A), located in coding exon 18 of the MLH1 gene, results from a C to A substitution at nucleotide position 2040. This changes the amino acid from a cysteine to a stop codon within coding exon 18. This mutation has been reported in multiple HNPCC families in the literature (Kurzawski G et al. Clin. Genet. 2006 Jan;69:40-7; De Lellis L et al. PLoS ONE 2013 Nov;8:e81194). This alteration has also been identified in at least one patient with a personal and family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer (Maxwell KN et al. Am J Hum Genet, 2016 May;98:801-817). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.48
CADD	Pathogenic	35
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
Eigen	Uncertain	0.38
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.21
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.74	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A;A;A;A;A
Vest4		0.95
GERP RS		0.99
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63749867; hg19: chr3-37090445;