5-112841081-TAATG-T

Position:

• chr5-112841081-TAATG-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PVS1_Strong PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000038.6(APC):​c.5490_5493del​(p.Asn1830LysfsTer32) variant causes a frameshift change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: APC NM_000038.6 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.64

Genes affected

APC (HGNC:583): (APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway) This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. It is also involved in other processes including cell migration and adhesion, transcriptional activation, and apoptosis. Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Mutations in the APC gene have been found to occur in most colorectal cancers, where disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2022]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product does not undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Variant is located in the 3'-most exon, not predicted to undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. There are 11 pathogenic variants in the truncated region.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 5-112841081-TAATG-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr5-112841081-TAATG-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 181835.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr5-112841081-TAATG-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
APC	NM_000038.6	c.5490_5493del	p.Asn1830LysfsTer32	frameshift_variant	16/16	ENST00000257430.9	NP_000029.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
APC	ENST00000257430.9	c.5490_5493del	p.Asn1830LysfsTer32	frameshift_variant	16/16	5	NM_000038.6	ENSP00000257430	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

We have no GnomAD4 exomes data on this position. Probably position not covered by the project.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial adenomatous polyposis 1 Pathogenic:3

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	May 12, 2023	This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a frameshift predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Feb 04, 2016	This sequence change deletes 4 nucleotides from exon 16 of the APC mRNA (c.5490_5493delTGAA), causing a frameshift at codon 1830. This creates a premature translational stop signal in the last exon of the APC mRNA (p.Asn1830Lysfs*32). While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to create a truncated APC protein by eliminating ~1000 amino acid residues (~36%) from the full length protein. Truncating variants in APC are known to be pathogenic. This particular truncation has been reported in the literature in an individual affected with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (PMID: 23159591). In addition, numerous pathogenic truncating variants have been reported downstream of this c.5490_5493delTGAA variant (PMID: 8940264, 11247896, 20434453). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Oct 08, 2023	This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Asn1830Lysfs*32) in the APC gene. While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to disrupt the last 1014 amino acid(s) of the APC protein. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (PMID: 8940264, 11247896, 20434453, 23159591). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 181835). This variant is expected to disrupt the EB1 and HDLG binding sites, which mediate interactions with the cytoskeleton (PMID: 15311282, 17293347). While functional studies have not been performed to directly test the effect on APC protein function, this suggests that disruption of the C-terminal portion of the protein is functionally important. A different truncation (p.Tyr2645Lysfs*14) that lies downstream of this variant has been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 9824584, 1316610, 27081525, 8381579, 22135120, Invitae). This suggests that deletion of this region of the APC protein is causative of disease. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	May 24, 2023	This variant deletes 4 nucleotides in exon 16 of the APC gene, creating a frameshift and premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. Splice site prediction tools suggest that this variant may not impact RNA splicing. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been performed for this variant. This variant has been reported in one individual affected with familial adenomatous polyposis (PMID: 23159591) and one individual with colon polyps (PMID: 26681312). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of APC function is a known mechanism of disease. Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Nov 20, 2023	The c.5490_5493delTGAA pathogenic mutation, located in coding exon 15 of the APC gene, results from a deletion of 4 nucleotides at nucleotide positions 5490 to 5493, causing a translational frameshift with a predicted alternate stop codon (p.N1830Kfs*32). This alteration occurs at the 3' terminus of theAPC gene and is not expected to trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. However, premature stop codons are typically deleterious in nature and a significant portion of the protein is affected (Ambry internal data). This mutation has been identified in 1/1591 patients undergoing clinical testing for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (Kerr SE et al. J Mol Diagn 2013 Jan;15:31-43). It was also reported in an individual with colon polyps who was one of 10,030 consecutive patients referred for evaluation by an NGS hereditary cancer panel (Susswein LR et al. Genet. Med. 2016 Aug;18:823-32). Based on the supporting evidence, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Colorectal cancer Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Jan 01, 2019

- -

Classic or attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health

Jul 19, 2023

This variant deletes 4 nucleotides in exon 16 of the APC gene, creating a frameshift and premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. Splice site prediction tools suggest that this variant may not impact RNA splicing. To our knowledge, functional studies have not been performed for this variant. This variant has been reported in 1 individual affected with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (PMID: 23159591) and 1 individual with colon polyps (PMID: 26681312). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of APC function is a known mechanism of disease. Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Apr 25, 2023

Frameshift variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 1316610, 20434453, 11247896, 27081525, 22135120, 9824584, 17293347, 8381579, 28569743, 8940264, 15311282, 23159591, 26681312) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs730881273; hg19: chr5-112176778;