5-174724781-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PM2

The NM_002449.5(MSX2):c.122A>T(p.Lys41Met) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: MSX2 NM_002449.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.34

Genes affected

MSX2 (HGNC:7392): (msh homeobox 2) This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor whose normal activity may establish a balance between survival and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis. The encoded protein may also have a role in promoting cell growth under certain conditions and may be an important target for the RAS signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with parietal foramina 1 and craniosynostosis type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MSX2	NM_002449.5	c.122A>T	p.Lys41Met	missense_variant	1/2	ENST00000239243.7
MSX2	NM_001363626.2	c.122A>T	p.Lys41Met	missense_variant	1/2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MSX2	ENST00000239243.7	c.122A>T	p.Lys41Met	missense_variant	1/2	1	NM_002449.5	P1
MSX2	ENST00000507785.2	c.122A>T	p.Lys41Met	missense_variant	1/2	2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 36

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Craniosynostosis 2 Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Parietal foramina 1 Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.27
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.27	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.16
Cadd	Pathogenic	26
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.58	D;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.52
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.46
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.95	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.79	T;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.56	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.67	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.75	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.7	M;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.87	D
PROVEAN	Benign	-2.2	N;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.51
Sift	Uncertain	0.0070	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.032	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.
Vest4		0.53
MutPred		0.28		Loss of ubiquitination at K41 (P = 0.0023);Loss of ubiquitination at K41 (P = 0.0023);
MVP		0.98
MPC		1.2
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		4.1
Varity_R		0.31
gMVP		0.59

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1760740243; hg19: chr5-174151784;