5-174725034-G-C

Variant names:

• chr5-174725034-G-C
• NM_002449.5:c.375G>C
• MSX2 p.Pro125Pro

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -3 ACMG points: 2P and 5B. PM2 BP4_Strong BP7

The NM_002449.5(MSX2):​c.375G>C​(p.Pro125Pro) variant causes a synonymous change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar. Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. P125P) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: MSX2 NM_002449.5 synonymous
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -1.83
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

MSX2 (HGNC:7392): (msh homeobox 2) This gene encodes a member of the muscle segment homeobox gene family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional repressor whose normal activity may establish a balance between survival and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells required for proper craniofacial morphogenesis. The encoded protein may also have a role in promoting cell growth under certain conditions and may be an important target for the RAS signaling pathways. Mutations in this gene are associated with parietal foramina 1 and craniosynostosis type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MSX2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• craniosynostosis 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), ClinGen, G2P
• parietal foramina

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
• parietal foramina with cleidocranial dysplasia

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet
• parietal foramina 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -3 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.57).
• BP7: Synonymous conserved (PhyloP=-1.83 with no splicing effect.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_002449.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	MSX2	NM_002449.5	MANE Select	c.375G>C	p.Pro125Pro	synonymous	Exon 1 of 2	NP_002440.2
	MSX2	NM_001363626.2		c.375G>C	p.Pro125Pro	synonymous	Exon 1 of 2	NP_001350555.1	D6RIS4

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	MSX2	ENST00000239243.7	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.375G>C	p.Pro125Pro	synonymous	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000239243.5	P35548
	MSX2	ENST00000507785.2	TSL:2	c.375G>C	p.Pro125Pro	synonymous	Exon 1 of 2	ENSP00000427425.1	D6RIS4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 36

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.57
CADD	Benign	10
DANN	Benign	0.88
PhyloP100		-1.8
PromoterAI		-0.076	Neutral

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

MaxEntScan Visualizer can be used to analyze the impact of this mutation on the neighboring sequence.

Other links and lift over

hg19: chr5-174152037;