7-140801537-T-G

Variant names:

• chr7-140801537-T-G
• rs397507466
• NM_001374258.1:c.735A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points: 11P and 0B. PP3 PP2 PM1 PS2 PM2 PS4_Supporting

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The c.735A>C (p.Leu245Phe) variant in BRAF has been reported as a a de novo occurrence, one of which was confirmed in at least 4 patients with clinical features of a RASopathy (PS2_VeryStrong; Partners LMM, GeneDx University Magdeburg GTR Lab ID's 21766, 26957, 506381; ClinVar SCV000061622.5, SCV000057188.16 PMID 19416762). This variant was absent from large population studies (PM2; gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggest that the p.Leu245Phe variant may impact the protein (PP3). The variant is located in the BRAF gene, which has been defined by the ClinGen RASopathy Expert Panel as a gene with a low rate of benign missense variants and pathogenic missense variants are common (PP2; PMID:29493581). Furthermore, the variant is in a location that has been defined by the ClinGen RASopathy Expert Panel to be a mutational hotspot or domain of BRAF (PM1; PMID 29493581). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for RASopathies in an autosomal dominant manner. Rasopathy-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied (PMID:29493581): PS2_VeryStrong, PM2, PM1, PP2, PP3, PS4_Supporting. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA280027/MONDO:0021060/004

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: BRAF NM_001374258.1 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:7
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.38
• Publications: 29 publications found

Genes affected

BRAF (HGNC:1097): (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene encodes a protein belonging to the RAF family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This protein plays a role in regulating the MAP kinase/ERK signaling pathway, which affects cell division, differentiation, and secretion. Mutations in this gene, most commonly the V600E mutation, are the most frequently identified cancer-causing mutations in melanoma, and have been identified in various other cancers as well, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colorectal cancer, thyroid carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, hairy cell leukemia and adenocarcinoma of lung. Mutations in this gene are also associated with cardiofaciocutaneous, Noonan, and Costello syndromes, which exhibit overlapping phenotypes. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

BRAF Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Ambry Genetics, G2P, Genomics England PanelApp
• LEOPARD syndrome 3

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• Noonan syndrome 7

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, G2P, Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• Noonan syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: ClinGen
• Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• anaplastic astrocytoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• Costello syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 11 ACMG points.

• PS2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PS4: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM1: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PM2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP2: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
• PP3: For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
BRAF	NM_001374258.1	c.735A>C	p.Leu245Phe	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 20	ENST00000644969.2	NP_001361187.1
BRAF	NM_004333.6	c.735A>C	p.Leu245Phe	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 18	ENST00000646891.2	NP_004324.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
BRAF	ENST00000644969.2	c.735A>C	p.Leu245Phe	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 20		NM_001374258.1	ENSP00000496776.1
BRAF	ENST00000646891.2	c.735A>C	p.Leu245Phe	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 18		NM_004333.6	ENSP00000493543.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome Pathogenic:2

Jun 24, 2010

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Dec 28, 2020

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: BRAF c.735A>C (p.Leu245Phe) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domain (IPR002219) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 250260 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.735A>C has been reported in the literature as a de novo variant in multiple individuals affected with Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome and related phenotypes belonging to the RASopathy spectrum (Koudova_2009, Pekeles_2019, Chinton_2019). In addition, a different variant resulting in the same missense change (c.735A>T (p.Leu245Phe)) has been reported in affected individuals (HGMD). These data indicate that the variant is likely associated with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Four submitters, including an expert panel (ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel), have provided clinical-significance assessments for this variant in ClinVar after 2014, and classified the variant as pathogenic (3x, including the expert panel) or likely pathogenic (1x). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Lung carcinoma;C3150970:Noonan syndrome 7;C3150971:LEOPARD syndrome 3;C4551602:Noonan syndrome 1;CN029449:Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 1 Pathogenic:1

May 18, 2017

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Jul 03, 2018

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The L245F variant has been published previously in association with Noonan spectrum disorders, including as an apparently de novo occurrence (Koudova et al., 2009; Sarkozy et al., 2009). It has also been confirmed to occur de novo in an individual sent to GeneDx for testing. The variant is not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016). In-silico analyses, including protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, support a deleterious effect. A different nucleotide change leading to the same missense variant (c.735 A>T) as well as missense variants in nearby residues (T241P/R/M, T244P, A246P) have been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database in association with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (Stenson et al., 2014), supporting the functional importance of this region of the protein. In summary, we consider the variant to be pathogenic. -

LEOPARD syndrome 3 Pathogenic:1

Sep 01, 2009

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Noonan syndrome and Noonan-related syndrome Pathogenic:1

May 10, 2019

ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: reviewed by expert panel

Collection Method: curation

The c.735A>C (p.Leu245Phe) variant in BRAF has been reported as a a de novo occurrence, one of which was confirmed in at least 4 patients with clinical features of a RASopathy (PS2_VeryStrong; Partners LMM, GeneDx University Magdeburg GTR Lab ID's 21766, 26957, 506381; ClinVar SCV000061622.5, SCV000057188.16 PMID 19416762). This variant was absent from large population studies (PM2; gnomAD, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggest that the p.Leu245Phe variant may impact the protein (PP3). The variant is located in the BRAF gene, which has been defined by the ClinGen RASopathy Expert Panel as a gene with a low rate of benign missense variants and pathogenic missense variants are common (PP2; PMID: 29493581). Furthermore, the variant is in a location that has been defined by the ClinGen RASopathy Expert Panel to be a mutational hotspot or domain of BRAF (PM1; PMID 29493581). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for RASopathies in an autosomal dominant manner. Rasopathy-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied (PMID:29493581): PS2_VeryStrong, PM2, PM1, PP2, PP3, PS4_Supporting. -

RASopathy Pathogenic:1

Jun 27, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt BRAF protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 40347). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of BRAF-related conditions (PMID: 19206169, 22190897, 30290804; Invitae). In at least one individual the variant was observed to be de novo. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with phenylalanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 245 of the BRAF protein (p.Leu245Phe). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.43	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.38
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.90	.;.;D;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.33
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.34
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.95	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.40	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.92	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.53	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.9	.;.;L;.
PhyloP100		3.4
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.92	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.8	.;.;.;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.83
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	.;.;.;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	.;.;.;D
Polyphen		0.82	.;.;P;.
Vest4		0.90
MutPred		0.83		Loss of ubiquitination at K240 (P = 0.1231);Loss of ubiquitination at K240 (P = 0.1231);Loss of ubiquitination at K240 (P = 0.1231);Loss of ubiquitination at K240 (P = 0.1231);
MVP		0.99
MPC		2.2
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		4.3
Varity_R		0.85
gMVP		0.88
Mutation Taster		=7/93	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs397507466; hg19: chr7-140501337; COSMIC: COSV56223754; COSMIC: COSV56223754;