7-150974851-C-A

Variant names:

• chr7-150974851-C-A
• rs199472845
• NM_000238.4:c.167G>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000238.4(KCNH2):​c.167G>T​(p.Arg56Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000686 in 1,457,910 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R56Q) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 34)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.9e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: KCNH2 NM_000238.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.75
• Publications: 43 publications found

Genes affected

KCNH2 (HGNC:6251): (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2) This gene encodes a component of a voltage-activated potassium channel found in cardiac muscle, nerve cells, and microglia. Four copies of this protein interact with one copy of the KCNE2 protein to form a functional potassium channel. Mutations in this gene can cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

KCNH2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• long QT syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• long QT syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, G2P
• short QT syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
• short QT syndrome type 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Ambry Genetics
• Brugada syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE, NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 17 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 8 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 13 uncertain in NM_000238.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr7-150974851-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 67228.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 158 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 38 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 3.3724 (above the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 2.4846 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to long QT syndrome 2, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome, long QT syndrome.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.927
• PP5: Variant 7-150974851-C-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr7-150974851-C-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 200557.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
KCNH2	NM_000238.4	c.167G>T	p.Arg56Leu	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 15	ENST00000262186.10	NP_000229.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
KCNH2	ENST00000262186.10	c.167G>T	p.Arg56Leu	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 15	1	NM_000238.4	ENSP00000262186.5
KCNH2	ENST00000713710.1	c.167G>T	p.Arg56Leu	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 15			ENSP00000519013.1
KCNH2	ENST00000532957.5	n.390G>T		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 2 of 9	2
KCNH2	ENST00000713700.1	n.125G>T		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 2 of 9

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 34

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.86e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1457910 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 34 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 725196

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Exomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33378

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44462

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26030

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.0000253 AC: 1 AN: 39526

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 85908

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 52174

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5620

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1110664

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60148

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD4 Exomes is highly skewed from 0.5 (p-value = 0.000000), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 34

Alfa AF: 0.0000883 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1

Aug 05, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Published functional studies suggest the p.(R56L) variant impacts protein trafficking and current density (PMID: 35688148); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 22396785, 35688148) -

Long QT syndrome Pathogenic:1

May 15, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 56 of the KCNH2 protein (p.Arg56Leu). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individuals with clinical features of long QT syndrome (Invitae). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 200557). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be tolerated. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects KCNH2 function (PMID: 35688148). This variant disrupts the p.Arg56 amino acid residue in KCNH2. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 10973849, 11854117; Invitae). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
CardioboostArm	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.34	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.25
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.46
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.45
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.96	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.93	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.3	M
PhyloP100		7.7
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.89	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.5	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.81
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Polyphen		0.37	B
Vest4		0.92
MutPred		0.59		Loss of solvent accessibility (P = 0.1077);
MVP		0.95
MPC		1.7
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
Varity_R		0.89
gMVP		1.0
Mutation Taster		=8/92	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs199472845; hg19: chr7-150671939;