9-21971064-G-C

Variant names:

• chr9-21971064-G-C
• rs34886500
• NM_000077.5:c.295C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -1 ACMG points: 4P and 5B. PM1 PM5 BP4 BS2

The NM_000077.5(CDKN2A):​c.295C>G​(p.Arg99Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000482 in 1,453,094 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 12/18 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R99Q) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000048 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CDKN2A NM_000077.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:5 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.473
• Publications: 26 publications found

Genes affected

CDKN2A (HGNC:1787): (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) This gene generates several transcript variants which differ in their first exons. At least three alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related isoforms known to function as inhibitors of CDK4 kinase. The remaining transcript includes an alternate first exon located 20 Kb upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an alternate open reading frame (ARF) that specifies a protein which is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. This ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein p53 as it can interact with, and sequester, the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of the structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in cell cycle G1 progression, share a common functionality in cell cycle G1 control. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors, and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

CDKN2A Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• melanoma, cutaneous malignant, susceptibility to, 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
• melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, ClinGen, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• melanoma and neural system tumor syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

ENSG00000264545 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -1 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 2 benign, 54 uncertain in NM_000077.5
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr9-21971063-C-G is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 491572.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.29133505).
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 7 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CDKN2A	NM_000077.5	c.295C>G	p.Arg99Gly	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	ENST00000304494.10	NP_000068.1
CDKN2A	NM_058195.4	c.338C>G	p.Pro113Arg	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	ENST00000579755.2	NP_478102.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CDKN2A	ENST00000304494.10	c.295C>G	p.Arg99Gly	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	1	NM_000077.5	ENSP00000307101.5
CDKN2A	ENST00000579755.2	c.338C>G	p.Pro113Arg	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	1	NM_058195.4	ENSP00000462950.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000482 AC: 7 AN: 1453094 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000277 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 723154

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33424

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44638

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26054

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39678

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86144

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 46308

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5256

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000630 AC: 7 AN: 1111386

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60206

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome Uncertain:2

Nov 08, 2016

Counsyl

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Apr 20, 2023

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Aug 20, 2020

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces arginine with glycine at codon 99 of the CDKN2A (p16INK4A) protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). To our knowledge, functional studies have not been reported for this variant. This variant has been reported in an individual affected with melanoma (PMID: 15122588). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). A different missense variant occurring at the same codon, p.Arg99Pro, is associated with disease (Clinvar variation ID: 491572), indicating that arginine at this position is important for protein function. However, the available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of p.Arg99Gly variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Mar 13, 2021

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Jul 02, 2024

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The CDKN2A c.295C>G (p.Arg99Gly) variant (also known as NM_058195.4:c.338C>G (p.Pro113Arg) in CDKN2A (P14-ARF)) has been reported in the published literature in an individual with malignant melanoma (PMID: 15122588 (2004)). This variant has not been reported in large, multi-ethnic general populations (Genome Aggregation Database, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org). Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is damaging. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Familial melanoma Uncertain:1

Oct 24, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The CDKN2A gene encodes two different proteins, p16INK4a and p14ARF, which are translated from alternative transcripts with different open reading frames. Both transcripts have been analyzed. We report either the variant with the higher classification or default to the CDKN2A (p16INK4a) variant. This report therefore includes the details for the CDKN2A (p16INK4a) variant. This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 99 of the CDKN2A (p16INK4a) protein (p.Arg99Gly). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with malignant melanoma (PMID: 15122588). This variant is also known as c.338C>G (p.Pro113Arg) in the CDKN2A (p14ARF) transcript. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 372062). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be tolerated. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect CDKN2A (p16INK4a) function (PMID: 35001868). This variant disrupts the p.Arg99 amino acid residue in CDKN2A (p16INK4a). Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 19260062, 20340136, 21462282, 23190892). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.19
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.021	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.21
CADD	Benign	22
DANN	Benign	0.93
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.071	T;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.054
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.026
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.37	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.44	.;T
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.48	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.29	T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.99	T
PhyloP100		0.47
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.8	.;D
REVEL	Benign	0.15
Sift	Benign	0.26	.;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.49	T;T
Vest4		0.25
MVP		0.98
ClinPred		0.17	T
GERP RS		4.0
PromoterAI		0.00010	Neutral
Varity_R		0.44
Mutation Taster		=8/92	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs34886500; hg19: chr9-21971063;