9-34647140-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_StrongPP5

The NM_000155.4(GALT):c.134C>T(p.Ser45Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S45P) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0 ( 0 hom. )

Failed GnomAD Quality Control

Consequence

GALT
NM_000155.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2U:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.28

Publications

5 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALT (HGNC:4135): (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

GALT Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

classic galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Orphanet
galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health

GALT links:

ENSG00000258728 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000258728 links:

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ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 7 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_000155.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr9-34647139-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1331063.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 104 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 17 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.91493 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.8645 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to galactosemia, classic galactosemia.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.99

PP5

Variant 9-34647140-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-34647140-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 25132.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submission is: [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALT	NM_000155.4 link	c.134C>T	p.Ser45Leu	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 11	ENST00000378842.8	NP_000146.2	P07902-1B2RAT6A0A0S2Z3Y7
GALT	NM_001258332.2 link	c.-69C>T		5_prime_UTR_variant	Exon 2 of 9		NP_001245261.1	P07902-2B2RAT6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALT	ENST00000378842.8 link	c.134C>T	p.Ser45Leu	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 11	1	NM_000155.4	ENSP00000368119.4		P07902-1
ENSG00000258728	ENST00000556278.1 link	c.134C>T	p.Ser45Leu	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 8	5		ENSP00000451792.1		G3V4G9

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD4 exome

Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

1461870

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

727232

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53396

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60396

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

Pathogenic:2

Oct 21, 2021

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GALT protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 25132). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with classic galactosemia (PMID: 10399107). This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change replaces serine with leucine at codon 45 of the GALT protein (p.Ser45Leu). The serine residue is moderately conserved and there is a large physicochemical difference between serine and leucine. -

Apr 24, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Apr 19, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: GALT c.134C>T (p.Ser45Leu) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, N-terminal domain (PF01087) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 251428 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.134C>T has been reported in the literature in an individual affected with Galactosemia (example: Zekanowski_1999). These data do not allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 34030713, 10399107). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 25132). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Sep 18, 2015

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.83

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.58

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.60

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.96

D;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.1

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.98

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

1.0

D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.61

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.98

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.9

H;.

PhyloP100

7.3

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.74

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-5.0

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.99

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;.

Vest4

0.97

MutPred

0.95

Gain of stability (P = 0.0462);Gain of stability (P = 0.0462);

MVP

0.97

MPC

1.7

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

5.8

PromoterAI

0.0080

Neutral

(source)

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Varity_R

0.98

gMVP

0.98

Mutation Taster

=180/120

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over