9-34647858-C-G

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000155.4(GALT):c.404C>G(p.Ser135Trp) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000342 in 1,461,866 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S135L) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GALT
NM_000155.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.00

Publications

93 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALT (HGNC:4135): (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

GALT Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

classic galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Orphanet
galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health

GALT links:

ENSG00000258728 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000258728 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 15 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 8 uncertain in NM_000155.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr9-34647858-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 3618.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 104 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 17 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.91493 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.8645 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to galactosemia, classic galactosemia.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.99

PP5

Variant 9-34647858-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-34647858-C-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 25172.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALT	NM_000155.4 link	c.404C>G	p.Ser135Trp	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 11	ENST00000378842.8	NP_000146.2	P07902-1B2RAT6A0A0S2Z3Y7
GALT	NM_001258332.2 link	c.77C>G	p.Ser26Trp	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 9		NP_001245261.1	P07902-2B2RAT6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALT	ENST00000378842.8 link	c.404C>G	p.Ser135Trp	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 11	1	NM_000155.4	ENSP00000368119.4		P07902-1
ENSG00000258728	ENST00000556278.1 link	c.253-257C>G		intron_variant	Intron 2 of 7	5		ENSP00000451792.1		G3V4G9

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251492

AF XY:

0.00000736

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000342

AC:

AN:

1461866

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000275

AC XY:

AN XY:

727238

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.0000252

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86232

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53418

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00000360

AC:

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.445

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

Pathogenic:3

Dec 02, 2014

Counsyl

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Oct 13, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jul 21, 2023

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Ser135 amino acid residue in GALT. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 7887417, 22461411, 22944367, 27176039, 28065439). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GALT protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 25172). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase deficiency (PMID: 15841485). This variant is present in population databases (rs111033690, gnomAD 0.0009%). This sequence change replaces serine, which is neutral and polar, with tryptophan, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 135 of the GALT protein (p.Ser135Trp). -

not provided

Pathogenic:2

Joint Genome Diagnostic Labs from Nijmegen and Maastricht, Radboudumc and MUMC+

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.88

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.55

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.56

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.98

.;D

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.95

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.88

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.97

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

1.0

D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.62

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.0

.;M

PhyloP100

7.0

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.71

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-4.8

D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.96

Sift

Uncertain

0.0010

D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0010

D;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D

Vest4

0.94

MutPred

0.95

.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0938);

MVP

0.99

MPC

2.1

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

5.3

Varity_R

0.96

gMVP

0.99

Mutation Taster

=0/100

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.23

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_AL_spliceai

0.23

Position offset: -26

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over