Genetic Variant GALT:p.Thr138Met (chr9-34647867-C-T) – ACMG Classification: Pathogenic (19 pts)

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points: 19P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP2PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000155.4(GALT):c.413C>T(p.Thr138Met) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000805 in 1,614,074 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T138R) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GALT
NM_000155.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:9

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.00

Publications

16 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALT (HGNC:4135): (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

GALT Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

classic galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health

GALT links:

ENSG00000258728 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000258728 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 19 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 12 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 8 uncertain in NM_000155.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr9-34647867-C-G is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 633233.

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 104 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 17 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.91493 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.8645 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to galactosemia, classic galactosemia.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.963

PP5

Variant 9-34647867-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-34647867-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 25174.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000155.4. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GALT	NM_000155.4	MANE Select	c.413C>T	p.Thr138Met	missense	Exon 5 of 11	NP_000146.2
	GALT	NM_001258332.2		c.86C>T	p.Thr29Met	missense	Exon 3 of 9	NP_001245261.1	P07902-2

Ensembl Transcripts

Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
GALT	ENST00000378842.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.413C>T	p.Thr138Met	missense	Exon 5 of 11	ENSP00000368119.4	P07902-1
ENSG00000258728	ENST00000556278.1	TSL:5	c.253-248C>T		intron	N/A	ENSP00000451792.1	G3V4G9
GALT	ENST00000902340.1		c.452C>T	p.Thr151Met	missense	Exon 4 of 10	ENSP00000572399.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152182

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000119

AC:

AN:

251494

AF XY:

0.00000736

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000578

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000684

AC:

AN:

1461892

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

727248

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000447

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86258

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00000629

AC:

AN:

1112010

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000166

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.455

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152182

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74346

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41450

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15278

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5190

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4828

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10612

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000441

AC:

AN:

68036

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000227

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance:Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Revision:criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

View on ClinVar

Pathogenic

VUS

Benign

Condition

Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (7)

Galactosemia (1)

not provided (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.33

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.45

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.58

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.98

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.0

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.93

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.96

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.95

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.71

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.96

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.98

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.8

PhyloP100

7.0

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.64

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-5.6

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.97

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0010

Polyphen

1.0

Vest4

0.89

MVP

0.99

MPC

1.9

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

5.3

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Varity_R

0.90

gMVP

0.93

Mutation Taster

=4/96

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.080

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Variant Effect in Transcripts

RefSeq Transcripts

Ensembl Transcripts

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over