Genetic Variant GALT:p.Glu291Gln (chr9-34649048-G-C) – ACMG Classification: Uncertain_significance (4 pts)

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points: 5P and 1B. PM1PM2PP2BP4

The NM_000155.4(GALT):c.871G>C(p.Glu291Gln) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000684 in 1,461,878 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GALT
NM_000155.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Not reported in ClinVar

Conservation

PhyloP100: 4.83

Publications

4 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GALT (HGNC:4135): (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

GALT Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

classic galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Orphanet
galactosemia
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Myriad Women’s Health

GALT links:

ENSG00000258728 (HGNC:):

ENSG00000258728 links:

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ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 4 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 11 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_000155.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP2

Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 104 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 17 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.91493 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 1.8645 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to galactosemia, classic galactosemia.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.34712783).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALT	NM_000155.4 link	c.871G>C	p.Glu291Gln	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 11	ENST00000378842.8	NP_000146.2
GALT	NM_001258332.2 link	c.544G>C	p.Glu182Gln	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 9		NP_001245261.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALT	ENST00000378842.8 link	c.871G>C	p.Glu291Gln	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 11	1	NM_000155.4	ENSP00000368119.4
ENSG00000258728	ENST00000556278.1 link	c.432+592G>C		intron_variant	Intron 4 of 7	5		ENSP00000451792.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

6.84e-7

AC:

AN:

1461878

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

727236

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26128

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86254

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53418

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

8.99e-7

AC:

AN:

1112010

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

60396

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

Alfa

AF:

0.00

Hom.:

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.079

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.31

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.21

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.87

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.57

.;D

Eigen

Benign

-0.15

Eigen_PC

Benign

0.10

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.29

MetaRNN

Benign

0.35

T;T

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.82

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.90

.;L

PhyloP100

4.8

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.74

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.61

N;N

REVEL

Uncertain

0.56

Sift

Benign

1.0

T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.49

T;T

Polyphen

0.016

.;B

Vest4

0.38

MutPred

0.55

.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1587);

MVP

0.92

MPC

1.3

ClinPred

0.77

GERP RS

5.7

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.35

gMVP

0.76

Mutation Taster

=18/82

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.12

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over