9-5022085-A-C

Variant names:

• chr9-5022085-A-C
• rs538474116
• NM_004972.4:c.98A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -6 ACMG points: 0P and 6B. BP4_Moderate BS2

The NM_004972.4(JAK2):​c.98A>C​(p.Lys33Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000322 in 1,613,706 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 14/22 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: JAK2 NM_004972.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.14
• Publications: 1 publications found

Genes affected

JAK2 (HGNC:6192): (Janus kinase 2) This gene encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in cytokine and growth factor signalling. The primary isoform of this protein has an N-terminal FERM domain that is required for erythropoietin receptor association, an SH2 domain that binds STAT transcription factors, a pseudokinase domain and a C-terminal tyrosine kinase domain. Cytokine binding induces autophosphorylation and activation of this kinase. This kinase then recruits and phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Growth factors like TGF-beta 1 also induce phosphorylation and activation of this kinase and translocation of downstream STAT proteins to the nucleus where they influence gene transcription. Mutations in this gene are associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and malignancies. This gene is a downstream target of the pleiotropic cytokine IL6 that is produced by B cells, T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages to produce an immune response or inflammation. Disregulation of the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathways produces increased cellular proliferation and myeloproliferative neoplasms of hematopoietic stem cells. A nonsynonymous mutation in the pseudokinase domain of this gene disrupts the domains inhibitory effect and results in constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation activity and hypersensitivity to cytokine signalling. This gene and the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway is a therapeutic target for the treatment of excessive inflammatory responses to viral infections. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

INSL6 (HGNC:6089): (insulin like 6) The protein encoded by this gene contains a classical signature of the insulin superfamily and is significantly similar to relaxin and relaxin-like factor. This gene is preferentially expressed in testis. Its expression in testis is restricted to interstitial cells surrounding seminiferous tubules, which suggests a role in sperm development and fertilization. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -6 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.18082383).
• BS2: High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 50 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
JAK2	NM_004972.4	c.98A>C	p.Lys33Thr	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 25	ENST00000381652.4	NP_004963.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
JAK2	ENST00000381652.4	c.98A>C	p.Lys33Thr	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 25	1	NM_004972.4	ENSP00000371067.4
JAK2	ENST00000636127.1	c.98A>C	p.Lys33Thr	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 16	5		ENSP00000489812.1
JAK2	ENST00000476574.5	c.*20A>C		downstream_gene_variant		3		ENSP00000490624.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152222 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000294

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251428 AF XY: 0.0000147

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000163

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000342 AC: 50 AN: 1461484 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.0000316 AC XY: 23 AN XY: 727092

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33476

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26134

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39698

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86242

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53416

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000423 AC: 47 AN: 1111642

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000497 AC: 3 AN: 60384

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000131 AC: 2 AN: 152222 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000269 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 74368

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5.

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41464

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15284

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3470

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5202

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4836

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10610

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000294 AC: 2 AN: 68036

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2092

⚠️ The allele balance in gnomAD version 4 Genomes is significantly skewed from the expected value of 0.5. (p-value = 0.000000), which strongly suggests a high chance of mosaicism in these individuals.

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Oct 18, 2024

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The JAK2 c.98A>C; p.Lys33Thr variant (rs538474116) is reported in the literature in an individual affected with a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, it was not specified if the variant was germline or somatic (Maslah 2019). This variant is absent from the Genome Aggregation Database (v2.1.1), indicating it is not a common polymorphism. Computational analyses are uncertain whether this variant is neutral or deleterious (REVEL: 0.188). Due to limited information, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain at this time. References: Maslah N et al. Next-generation sequencing for JAK2 mutation testing: advantages and pitfalls. Ann Hematol. 2019 Jan;98(1):111-118. PMID: 30259120. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.13
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	0.0039	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.23
CADD	Benign	19
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.35	.;T
Eigen	Benign	-0.27
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.12
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.89	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.80	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.034	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.18	T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.82	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.2	.;M
PhyloP100		3.1
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.54	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.38	.;N
REVEL	Benign	0.19
Sift	Uncertain	0.026	.;D
Sift4G	Benign	0.18	.;T
Polyphen		0.094	.;B
Vest4		0.33
MutPred		0.34		Loss of ubiquitination at K33 (P = 0.0103);Loss of ubiquitination at K33 (P = 0.0103);
MVP		0.81
MPC		0.26
ClinPred		0.43	T
GERP RS		4.4
Varity_R		0.11
gMVP		0.57
Mutation Taster		=66/34	polymorphism

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs538474116; hg19: chr9-5022085;