M-3243-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PS4_ModeratePM5_SupportingPP3PM2_SupportingPS3_Moderate

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The m.3243A>T variant in MT-TL1 has been reported in eight unrelated probands with primary mitochondrial disease. Features in affected individuals include mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), as well as myoclonic epilepsy, exercise intolerance with rhabdomyolysis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and ataxia (PMIDs: 9168904, 18203188, 20471262, 23220830, 30210801, 33924034, 25504047; PS4_moderate). In all individuals, the variant was present at heteroplasmy, ranging from 69-99% in muscle and 13-50% in blood. Age of onset varied from six to 29 years old. There are no large families reported in the medical literature to consider for evidence of segregation. There are no de novo occurrences of this variant reported to our knowledge. The m.3243A>T variant is absent in the GenBank dataset and gnomAD3.1.2. There is one heteroplasmic occurrence in 195,893 sequences in the Helix database, however the overall frequency is still low (PM2_supporting). The computational predictor MitoTIP suggests this variant is pathogenic, scoring in the 58.8 percentile, and HmtVAR also predicts it to be pathogenic with a score of 0.8 (PP3). The m.3243A>T variant is at the same nucleotide position as a previously established pathogenic variant (m. 3243A>G; PM5_supporting). Several different functional studies have been performed on this variant that support its pathogenicity and show independent deleterious effects of the variant, including generation of cybrids, single fiber testing, and aminoacylation assays (PS3_moderate). Cybrids with high levels of this variant, when compared to wild type, showed lower oxygen consumption, higher glucose consumption and lactate production, increased motility and migration capacities associated with specific glycosylation patterns, lower growth rate, and altered cellular processes (PMIDs: 25504047, 32273537). Single fiber testing showed higher levels of the variant in COX-deficient fibers (95.8 ± 0.7%, n=9) than in COX-positive fibers (44.3 ± 8.8%, n=9; p < 0.001; PMID:20471262). Structural and aminoacylation studies of in-vitro transcribed human tRNALeu(UUR) showed that the m.3243A>T variant was associated with a 300-fold loss of aminoacylation efficiency (PMID:12729737). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as likely pathogenic for primary mitochondrial disease inherited in a mitochondrial manner. We note that one expert on this panel felt pathogenic was a more appropriate classification given the functional evidence of impact however the majority agreed with likely pathogenic. This classification was approved by the NICHD/NINDS U24 ClinGen Mitochondrial Disease Variant Curation Expert Panel on October 10, 2022. Mitochondrial DNA-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied (PMID:32906214): PS4_moderate, PM2_supporting, PP3, PM5_supporting, PS3_moderate. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA913168968/MONDO:0044970/014

Frequency

Mitomap GenBank:
Absent

Consequence

TRNL1
unassigned_transcript_4788 missense

Scores

Mitotip
Uncertain
13

Clinical Significance

Likely pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:3O:1
MELAS-/-Leigh-Syndrome-/-DMDF-/-MIDD-/-SNHL-/-CPEO-/-MM-/-FSGS-/-ASD-/-Cardiac+multi-organ-dysfunction,MM-/-MELAS-/-SNHL-/-CPEO

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.83

Publications

79 publications found
Variant links:
Genes affected
TRNL1 (HGNC:7490): (mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (UUA/G)) Implicated in cardiomyopathy. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
MT-ND1 (HGNC:7455): (mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1) Enables NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity. Involved in mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly. Located in mitochondrial membrane. Part of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Implicated in several diseases, including MELAS syndrome; neurodegenerative disease (multiple); optic nerve disease (multiple); toxic shock syndrome; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; and multiple sclerosis. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
MT-RNR2 (HGNC:7471): (mitochondrially encoded 16S RNA) Enables G protein-coupled receptor binding activity; protein self-association; and receptor antagonist activity. Involved in several processes, including leukocyte chemotaxis; negative regulation of cell death; and negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrion; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; and sperm midpiece. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
MT-RNR2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):
  • mitochondrial disease
    Inheritance: Mitochondrial Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

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ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points.

PS3
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PS4
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PM2
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PM5
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.
PP3
For more information check the summary or visit ClinGen Evidence Repository.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: ENST00000386347.1. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected
GeneTranscriptTagsHGVScHGVSpEffectExon RankProteinUniProt

There are no transcript annotations for this variant.

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected
GeneTranscriptTagsHGVScHGVSpEffectExon RankProteinUniProt
MT-TL1
ENST00000386347.1
TSL:6
n.14A>T
non_coding_transcript_exon
Exon 1 of 1
MT-ND1
ENST00000361390.2
TSL:6
c.-64A>T
upstream_gene
N/AENSP00000354687.2
MT-RNR2
ENST00000387347.2
TSL:6
n.*14A>T
downstream_gene
N/A

Frequencies

Mitomap GenBank
The variant is not present, suggesting it is rare.

Mitomap

Disease(s): MELAS-/-Leigh-Syndrome-/-DMDF-/-MIDD-/-SNHL-/-CPEO-/-MM-/-FSGS-/-ASD-/-Cardiac+multi-organ-dysfunction,MM-/-MELAS-/-SNHL-/-CPEO
Status: Cfrm-[P],Cfrm-[LP]
Publication(s): 8363469, 9168904

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions as Germline
Significance:Likely pathogenic
Revision:reviewed by expert panel
View on ClinVar
Pathogenic
VUS
Benign
Condition
2
-
-
MELAS syndrome (3)
1
-
-
Mitochondrial disease (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name
Calibrated prediction
Score
Prediction
Mitotip
Uncertain
13
Hmtvar
Pathogenic
0.80
PhyloP100
5.8

Publications

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs199474657; hg19: chrM-3244; API