X-154032268-G-C

Variant names:

• chrX-154032268-G-C
• rs28934907
• NM_001110792.2:c.352C>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001110792.2(MECP2):​c.352C>G​(p.Arg118Gly) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R118L) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 25)
• Consequence: MECP2 NM_001110792.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.35
• Publications: 226 publications found

Genes affected

MECP2 (HGNC:6990): (methyl-CpG binding protein 2) DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. In contrast to other MBD family members, MECP2 is X-linked and subject to X inactivation. MECP2 is dispensible in stem cells, but is essential for embryonic development. MECP2 gene mutations are the cause of most cases of Rett syndrome, a progressive neurologic developmental disorder and one of the most common causes of cognitive disability in females. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

MECP2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• chromosome Xq28 duplication syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
• Rett syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, ClinGen, G2P
• severe neonatal-onset encephalopathy with microcephaly

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet
• syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Lubs type

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: G2P
• atypical Rett syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• X-linked intellectual disability-psychosis-macroorchidism syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• systemic lupus erythematosus

  Inheritance: Unknown Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 14 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 10 uncertain in NM_001110792.2
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrX-154032267-C-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 143535.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.987
• PP5: Variant X-154032268-G-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-154032268-G-C is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 143533.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MECP2	NM_001110792.2	c.352C>G	p.Arg118Gly	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	ENST00000453960.7	NP_001104262.1
MECP2	NM_004992.4	c.316C>G	p.Arg106Gly	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 4	ENST00000303391.11	NP_004983.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MECP2	ENST00000453960.7	c.352C>G	p.Arg118Gly	missense_variant	Exon 2 of 3	1	NM_001110792.2	ENSP00000395535.2
MECP2	ENST00000303391.11	c.316C>G	p.Arg106Gly	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 4	1	NM_004992.4	ENSP00000301948.6

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 25

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 25

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Rett syndrome Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Jan 21, 2008

RettBASE

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: curation

Mar 13, 2024

Centre for Population Genomics, CPG

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: curation

This variant has been collected from RettBASE and curated to current modified ACMG/AMP criteria. Based on the classification scheme defined by the ClinGen Rett/Angelman-like Expert Panel for Rett/AS-like Disorders Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Interpretation Guidelines VCEP 3.0, this variant is classified as likely pathogenic. At least the following criteria are met: Occurs in the well-characterized Methyl-DNA binding (MDB) functional domain of MECP2 (PM1). Has been observed in at least 3 individuals with phenotypes consistent with MECP2-related disease(PS4_Moderate). (PMID: 16473305, 16183801) Computational prediction analysis tools suggests a deleterious impact (REVEL score>= 0.75) (PP3). This variant is absent from gnomAD (PM2_Supporting).

MECP2-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Apr 25, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The MECP2 c.316C>G variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Arg106Gly. This variant has been reported in at least 4 affected individuals with a Rett syndrome phenotype. However, at least one unaffected female was identified to be heterozygous for the variant (Proband ID 2195; http://mecp2.chw.edu.au/mecp2/mecp2_variant_page.php?&id=2194; http://mecp2.chw.edu.au/mecp2/mecp2_variant_page.php?&id=2194; Philippe et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 16473305; Bienvenu et al. 2002. PubMed ID: 12180070). X chromosome inactivation is thought to contribute to phenotypic variability in females (Knudsen et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 16823396; Fang et al. 2022. PubMed ID: 35318820). Furthermore, several other missense variants impacting the same amino acid residue (p.Arg106Trp, p.Arg106Gln, p.Arg106Leu) have been reported in individuals with Rett syndrome phenotypes (http://mecp2.chw.edu.au/mecp2/mecp2_upgrade_proband_list_copy.php). This variant has not been reported in a large population database (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), indicating this variant is rare. Take together, this variant is interpreted as likely pathogenic.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.67	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.73
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;.;T;D;D;T;D
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.84	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.93	D;D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.1	M;.;.;.;.;.;.
PhyloP100		4.4
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.84	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-6.6	D;D;.;.;.;.;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.95
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D;.;.;.;.;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0070	D;T;D;D;.;D;D
Vest4		0.99
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		2.8
PromoterAI		-0.19	Neutral
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		1.0
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28934907; hg19: chrX-153297719;