chr2-47410198-C-A

Position:

• chr2-47410198-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -19 ACMG points: 0P and 19B. BP4_Moderate BP6_Very_Strong BP7 BS1 BS2

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.471C>A​(p.Gly157=) variant causes a synonymous change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000653 in 1,614,084 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 16 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. G157G) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.00049 (1 hom., cov: 31)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00067 (15 hom.)
• Consequence: MSH2 NM_000251.3 synonymous
• Clinical Significance: Likely benign reviewed by expert panel B:19
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -0.657

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Benign. Variant got -19 ACMG points.

• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (BayesDel_noAF=-0.28).
• BP6: Variant 2-47410198-C-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr2-47410198-C-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_benign]. Clinvar id is 91101.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr2-47410198-C-A is described in Lovd as [Benign]. Variant chr2-47410198-C-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_benign].
• BP7: Synonymous conserved (PhyloP=-0.657 with no splicing effect.
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population eas. gnomad4 allele frequency = 0.000493 (75/152206) while in subpopulation EAS AF= 0.0131 (68/5174). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.0106. There are 1 homozygotes in gnomad4. There are 43 alleles in male gnomad4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 31. This position pass quality control queck.
• BS2: High Homozygotes in GnomAdExome4 at 15 AD,AR gene

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3	c.471C>A	p.Gly157=	synonymous_variant	3/16	ENST00000233146.7

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7	c.471C>A	p.Gly157=	synonymous_variant	3/16	1	NM_000251.3	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.000493 AC: 75 AN: 152088 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 31

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000724

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.0131

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000414

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.000959

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00109 AC: 274 AN: 251450 Hom.: 1 AF XY: 0.000993 AC XY: 135 AN XY: 135900

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0140

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.000294

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000977

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000670 AC: 979 AN: 1461878 Hom.: 15 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.000664 AC XY: 483 AN XY: 727242

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0221

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.000359

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000629

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00103

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.000493 AC: 75 AN: 152206 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.000578 AC XY: 43 AN XY: 74426

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000722

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.0131

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.000415

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.000949

Alfa AF: 0.0000447 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.000461

Asia WGS AF: 0.00953 AC: 33 AN: 3478

ClinVar

Significance: Likely benign

Submissions summary: Benign:19

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Benign:7

Benign, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Laboratory of Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)	-	- -
Benign, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic	-	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago	Apr 20, 2020	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Apr 08, 2014	This variant is considered likely benign or benign based on one or more of the following criteria: it is a conservative change, it occurs at a poorly conserved position in the protein, it is predicted to be benign by multiple in silico algorithms, and/or has population frequency not consistent with disease. -
Benign, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center	-	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences	Jun 12, 2017	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Aug 15, 2023	- -

Lynch syndrome 1 Benign:4

Benign, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center	Jul 20, 2016	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Oct 26, 2018	This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). Publications were found based on this search. The evidence from the literature, in combination with allele frequency data from public databases where available, was sufficient to determine this variant is unlikely to cause disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as likely benign. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	KCCC/NGS Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center	Jul 07, 2023	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center	Jun 28, 2017	- -

Lynch syndrome Benign:2

Likely benign, reviewed by expert panel	research	International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)	Sep 05, 2013	Synonymous substitution with no effect on splicing & MAF 0.01-1% -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	research	CSER _CC_NCGL, University of Washington	Mar 11, 2015	- -

not provided Benign:2

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jun 20, 2016	Variant summary: The MSH2 c.471C>A (p.Gly157Gly) variant involves the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide, resulting in a synonymous change. One in silico tool predicts a damaging outcome for this variant. 5/5 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. This variant was found in 132/121410 control chromosomes, predominantly observed in the East Asian subpopulation at a frequency of 0.0146753 (127/8654). This frequency is about 26 times the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic MSH2 variant (0.0005683), suggesting this is likely a benign polymorphism found primarily in the populations of East Asian origin. This variant has been reported in multiple affected individuals and all are East Asians. The studies reporting this variant mostly detected variant in controls with higher or comparable MAF as in case cohorts. In addition, variant was detected to co-occur with a likely disease variant (c.-80insA) that can explain the disease phenotype, further supporting the benign classification of this variant. Multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as benign/likely benign. Taken together, this variant is classified as benign. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Dec 01, 2023	MSH2: BP4, BP7, BS1 -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Benign:2

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jul 16, 2014	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Nov 30, 2015	- -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Benign:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Feb 01, 2024

- -

Malignant tumor of breast Benign:1

Likely benign, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

-

The MSH2 p.Gly157= variant was identified in 8 of 1390 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.006) from individuals or families with Lynch syndrome and or sporadic CRC (Nomura 2000, Shin 2004, Chang 2016, Hu 2013). The variant was also identified in the following databases: dbSNP (ID: rs61756463) as “With Likely benign allele”, ClinVar (3x, as likely benign by InSight, Ambry Genetic, University of Washington and 2x, as benign by GeneDx, Invitae with expert panel review), Clinvitae (3x, as benign and likely benign), Insight Colon Cancer Gene Variant Database (4x, as class 2 ), Mismatch Repair Genes Variant Database, Insight Hereditary Tumors Database (4x, as class 2). The variant was not identified in Cosmic, MutDB, UMD-LSDB and Zhejiang Colon Cancer Databases. The variant was identified in control databases in 270 of 277200 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.000974 in the following populations: other in 6 of 6468 chromosomes (freq. 0.0009), Latino in 1 of 34420 chromosomes (freq. 0.00003), European in 1 of 126700 chromosomes (freq. 0.000008), East Asian in 253 of 18862 chromosomes (freq. 0.013), and South Asian in 9 of 30786 chromosomes (freq. 0.0003), increasing the likelihood this could be a low frequency benign variant (Genome Aggregation Consortium Feb 27, 2017). The c.471C>A is reported as polymorphism in the MSH2 gene and showed no significant association with Lynch syndrome, suspected lynch syndrome, or early-onset CRC patients in Korean cohort (Shin 2004).The p.Gly157= variant is not expected to have clinical significance because it does not result in a change of amino acid and is not located in a known consensus splice site. In addition, in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time although we would lean towards a more benign role for this variant. This variant is classified as likely benign. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.28
CADD	Benign	6.0
DANN	Benign	0.67
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs61756463; hg19: chr2-47637337;