1-33082340-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points: 2P and 2B. PM2 BP4_Moderate

The NM_052998.4(AZIN2):c.91T>C(p.Ser31Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 13/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: AZIN2 NM_052998.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.53

Genes affected

AZIN2 (HGNC:29957): (antizyme inhibitor 2) The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. Accumulation of antizyme inhibitor 2 has also been observed in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.11879498).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
AZIN2	NM_052998.4	c.91T>C	p.Ser31Pro	missense_variant	4/12	ENST00000294517.11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
AZIN2	ENST00000294517.11	c.91T>C	p.Ser31Pro	missense_variant	4/12	1	NM_052998.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000402 AC: 1 AN: 248782 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 134718

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000291

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Aug 02, 2022

The c.91T>C (p.S31P) alteration is located in exon 4 (coding exon 1) of the AZIN2 gene. This alteration results from a T to C substitution at nucleotide position 91, causing the serine (S) at amino acid position 31 to be replaced by a proline (P). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.086
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.25	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.52
Cadd	Benign	21
Dann	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.32	T;T;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.37
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.23
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.81	D
M_CAP	Benign	0.011	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.12	T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.0	T
MutationTaster	Benign	0.81	N;N;N;N;N;N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.43	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.2	N;N;N;N
REVEL	Benign	0.034
Sift	Benign	0.079	T;T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.19	T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.0	B;B;B;B
Vest4		0.29
MutPred		0.31		Gain of helix (P = 0.062);Gain of helix (P = 0.062);Gain of helix (P = 0.062);Gain of helix (P = 0.062);
MVP		0.088
MPC		0.18
ClinPred		0.50	D
GERP RS		3.0
Varity_R		0.31
gMVP		0.44

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1464843910; hg19: chr1-33547941;