1-33118064-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points: 2P and 2B. PM2 BP6_Moderate

The NM_052998.4(AZIN2):c.1192T>C(p.Phe398Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000124 in 1,372,902 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. 13/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely benign (★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000012 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: AZIN2 NM_052998.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely benign criteria provided, single submitter B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.675

Genes affected

AZIN2 (HGNC:29957): (antizyme inhibitor 2) The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. Accumulation of antizyme inhibitor 2 has also been observed in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP6: Variant 1-33118064-T-C is Benign according to our data. Variant chr1-33118064-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_benign]. Clinvar id is 2316887.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
AZIN2	NM_052998.4	c.1192T>C	p.Phe398Leu	missense_variant	11/12	ENST00000294517.11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
AZIN2	ENST00000294517.11	c.1192T>C	p.Phe398Leu	missense_variant	11/12	1	NM_052998.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000124 AC: 17 AN: 1372902 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.0000119 AC XY: 8 AN XY: 674820

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000159

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Likely benign

Submissions summary: Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Oct 04, 2022

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.17
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.21	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.53
Cadd	Benign	0.81
Dann	Benign	0.53
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.52	D;D;.
Eigen	Benign	-1.3
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.4
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.016	N
M_CAP	Benign	0.022	T
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.70	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-1.0	T
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	N;N;N;N
PrimateAI	Benign	0.31	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.1	D;D;D
REVEL	Benign	0.16
Sift	Benign	0.14	T;T;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.10	T;T;T
Polyphen		0.0010	B;B;B
Vest4		0.24
MutPred		0.92		Loss of helix (P = 0.1299);Loss of helix (P = 0.1299);.;
MVP		0.014
MPC		0.16
ClinPred		0.088	T
GERP RS		-3.2
Varity_R		0.089
gMVP		0.55

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1283039093; hg19: chr1-33583665; COSMIC: COSV99612917;