1-75732659-A-G

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000016.6(ACADM):c.134A>G(p.Gln45Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000616 in 1,461,576 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. Q45H) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: not found (cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000062 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

ACADM
NM_000016.6 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 8.61

Variant links:

Genes affected

ACADM (HGNC:89): (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain) This gene encodes the medium-chain specific (C4 to C12 straight chain) acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The homotetramer enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Defects in this gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a disease characterized by hepatic dysfunction, fasting hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, which can result in infantile death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACADM links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

PM1

In a helix (size 15) in uniprot entity ACADM_HUMAN there are 8 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000016.6

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr1-75732660-G-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 2010808.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.935

PP5

Variant 1-75732659-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr1-75732659-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 281077.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ACADM	NM_000016.6 link	c.134A>G	p.Gln45Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 12	ENST00000370841.9	NP_000007.1	P11310-1A0A0S2Z366

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ACADM	ENST00000370841.9 link	c.134A>G	p.Gln45Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 12	1	NM_000016.6	ENSP00000359878.5		P11310-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

Cov.:

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000159

AC:

AN:

251266

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135864

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000616

AC:

AN:

1461576

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

727102

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000504

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000630

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

Cov.:

Alfa

AF:

0.0000457

Hom.:

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000109

EpiControl

AF:

0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

Pathogenic:4Uncertain:1

Mar 11, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glutamine, which is neutral and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 45 of the ACADM protein (p.Gln45Arg). This variant is present in population databases (rs757434857, gnomAD 0.006%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with MCAD deficiency (PMID: 18241067, 20434380, 22796001; Invitae). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 281077). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on ACADM protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects ACADM function (PMID: 26947917). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Nov 30, 2023

Baylor Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jun 27, 2017

Counsyl

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: flagged submission

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Mar 17, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: ACADM c.134A>G (p.Gln45Arg) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase/oxidase, N-terminal domain (IPR013786) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.6e-05 in 251266 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.134A>G has been reported in the literature in the compound heterozygous state in individuals affected with Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (e.g. Nichols_2008, Purevsuren_2009, Rucklova_2021). These data indicate that the variant may be associated with disease. A publication reporting experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function found that the variant resulted in reduced protein expression, which was prone to misfolding and/or aggregation, and that the variant had 11% of normal activity (Hara_2016). Three clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 and classified the variant as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, and VUS. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic. -

Jun 23, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Jul 06, 2017

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

ACADM-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Jul 30, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

The ACADM c.134A>G variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Gln45Arg. This variant has been reported with other ACADM variants in multiple individuals with biochemical features consistent with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (see for example, Nichols et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 18241067; Purevsuren et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 19064330; Table S2, Rücklová et al. 2021. PubMed ID: 34578803). This variant is reported in 0.0054% of alleles in individuals of East Asian descent in gnomAD. An in vitro experimental study suggests this variant affects protein expression and MCAD enzyme activity (Hara et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 26947917). This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.80

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.44

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.57

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.79

D;D;D;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.91

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.87

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.93

D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.74

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.93

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.97

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.8

.;H;.;.

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.66

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.3

D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.96

Sift

Uncertain

0.0020

D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.0080

D;D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D;D;D

Vest4

0.79

MutPred

0.76

.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0513);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0513);.;

MVP

0.99

MPC

0.77

ClinPred

0.97

GERP RS

5.8

Varity_R

0.92

gMVP

0.85

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over