11-77323342-C-G

Variant names:

• chr11-77323342-C-G
• NM_002576.5:c.1570G>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points: 3P and 0B. PM2 PP2

The NM_002576.5(PAK1):​c.1570G>C​(p.Ala524Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PAK1 NM_002576.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.54
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

PAK1 (HGNC:8590): (p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1) This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and morphology. Mutations in this gene have been associated with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay. Overexpression of this gene is also reported in many cancer types, and particularly in breast cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

PAK1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 3 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the PAK1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 21 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 3 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 4.0036 (above the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.8133 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PAK1	NM_002576.5	c.1570G>C	p.Ala524Pro	missense_variant	Exon 15 of 15	ENST00000356341.8	NP_002567.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PAK1	ENST00000356341.8	c.1570G>C	p.Ala524Pro	missense_variant	Exon 15 of 15	1	NM_002576.5	ENSP00000348696.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 29

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Inborn genetic diseases Uncertain:1

Apr 10, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The c.1619G>C (p.C540S) alteration is located in exon 16 (coding exon 15) of the PAK1 gene. This alteration results from a G to C substitution at nucleotide position 1619, causing the cysteine (C) at amino acid position 540 to be replaced by a serine (S). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Aug 27, 2024

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.18	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.12
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.39	T
Eigen	Benign	0.12
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.33
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D
M_CAP	Benign	0.050	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.74	D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.70	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.3	M
PhyloP100		7.5
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-4.3	D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.49
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.034	D
Polyphen		0.50	P
Vest4		0.79
MutPred		0.59		Gain of disorder (P = 0.029);
MVP		0.86
ClinPred		0.96	D
GERP RS		6.2
Varity_R		0.85
Mutation Taster		=8/92	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

hg19: chr11-77034387;