11-77336213-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points: 9P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Moderate

The NM_002576.5(PAK1):c.1286A>G(p.Tyr429Cys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PAK1 NM_002576.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.67

Genes affected

PAK1 (HGNC:8590): (p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1) This gene encodes a family member of serine/threonine p21-activating kinases, known as PAK proteins. These proteins are critical effectors that link RhoGTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling, and they serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. This specific family member regulates cell motility and morphology. Mutations in this gene have been associated with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay. Overexpression of this gene is also reported in many cancer types, and particularly in breast cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a domain Protein kinase (size 251) in uniprot entity PAK1_HUMAN there are 9 pathogenic changes around while only 1 benign (90%) in NM_002576.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant where missense usually causes diseases, PAK1
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.935
• PP5: Variant 11-77336213-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-77336213-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 587371.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PAK1	NM_002576.5	c.1286A>G	p.Tyr429Cys	missense_variant	13/15	ENST00000356341.8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PAK1	ENST00000356341.8	c.1286A>G	p.Tyr429Cys	missense_variant	13/15	1	NM_002576.5	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics	Feb 20, 2019	This variant is interpreted as a Likely pathogenic for Intellectual developmental disorder with macrocephaly, seizures, and speech delay, autosomal dominant. The following ACMG Tag(s) were applied: PM2, PP3, PM6, PS3. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Oct 31, 2018	- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.33	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.24
Cadd	Pathogenic	32
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.35	T;T;.;T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.76
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.78
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.86	D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.15	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.94	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.26	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	0.99	L;.;L;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.95	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-8.6	D;D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.73
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;D;D
Vest4		0.91
MutPred		0.80		Gain of catalytic residue at P428 (P = 0.0135);Gain of catalytic residue at P428 (P = 0.0135);Gain of catalytic residue at P428 (P = 0.0135);.;
MVP		0.86
MPC		2.7
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		6.0
Varity_R		0.95
gMVP		0.94

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1565583382; hg19: chr11-77047258;