14-73170945-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 13 ACMG points: 13P and 0B. PM1PP2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000021.4(PSEN1):c.236C>T(p.Ala79Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000929 in 1,614,068 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000068 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PSEN1
NM_000021.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5O:2

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.91

Variant links:

Genes affected

PSEN1 (HGNC:9508): (presenilin 1) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or in the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor, such that they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity or themselves are protease enzymes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene, the full-length nature of only some have been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

PSEN1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 13 ACMG points.

PM1

In a helix (size 28) in uniprot entity PSN1_HUMAN there are 11 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000021.4

PP2

Missense variant in the PSEN1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 113 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 14 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.1558 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.0986 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to acne inversa, familial, 3, dilated cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer disease 3, early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease, semantic dementia, Pick disease, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy 1U, behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.917

PP5

Variant 14-73170945-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr14-73170945-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 18157.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr14-73170945-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PSEN1	NM_000021.4 link	c.236C>T	p.Ala79Val	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	ENST00000324501.10	NP_000012.1	P49768-1A0A024R6A3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PSEN1	ENST00000324501.10 link	c.236C>T	p.Ala79Val	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	1	NM_000021.4	ENSP00000326366.5		P49768-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000329

AC:

AN:

152184

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.000478

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000119

AC:

AN:

251430

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000147

AC XY:

AN XY:

135890

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000684

AC:

AN:

1461884

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

727244

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000899

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000329

AC:

AN:

152184

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000538

AC XY:

AN XY:

74344

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000241

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000441

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.000478

Alfa

AF:

0.000167

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.00000378

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5Other:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Alzheimer disease 3

Pathogenic:2Other:1

Feb 24, 2025

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: PSEN1 c.236C>T (p.Ala79Val) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.2e-05 in 251430 control chromosomes. c.236C>T has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Alzheimer Disease (e.g., Cruts_1998, Day_2016, Finckh_2000). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 9384602, 27454811, 10631141). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 18157). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

GeneReviews

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

May 01, 2007

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1Other:1

VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Jun 07, 2023

Athena Diagnostics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The frequency of this variant in the general population is consistent with pathogenicity (Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), Cambridge, MA (URL: http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org)). This variant is statistically more frequent in individuals affected with Alzheimer disease than in the general population and/or healthy controls. This variant associates with Alzheimer disease in multiple families. Assessment of experimental evidence suggests this variant results in abnormal protein function. Studies show that this variant results in an increase in AB42/AB40 ratios (PMID: 17366635, 16752394). -

Dementia

Pathogenic:1

Aug 05, 2024

Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

PS3 (PMID: 17366635, 16752394), PS4 (PMID: 30797548, 30924900, 9384602, 10631141, 27454811), PP1 (PMID 27454811), PP3 -

Pick disease;C0338451:Frontotemporal dementia;C1843013:Alzheimer disease 3;C3151038:Acne inversa, familial, 3

Pathogenic:1

Jan 26, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 79 of the PSEN1 protein (p.Ala79Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs63749824, gnomAD 0.004%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with early-onset Alzheimer's disease and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 9384602, 10631141, 27454811). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. Invitae Evidence Modeling of clinical and family history, age, sex, and reported ancestry of multiple individuals with this PSEN1 variant has been performed. This variant is expected to be pathogenic with a positive predictive value of at least 99%. This is a validated machine learning model that incorporates the clinical features of 18,931 individuals referred to our laboratory for PSEN1 testing. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 18157). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PSEN1 protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies are conflicting or provide insufficient evidence to determine the effect of this variant on PSEN1 function (PMID: 17366635, 17431506). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.99

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.52

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.57

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.76

D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;D;.;.;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.84

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.77

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D;.;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.68

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.92

D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.6

.;.;.;.;.;.;M;.;M;.;.;.;.;M

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.77

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.8

D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.96

Sift

Benign

0.032

D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0, 1.0

.;.;.;.;.;.;D;D;D;.;.;.;D;.

Vest4

0.88, 0.94, 0.80, 0.78

MVP

0.99

MPC

1.5

ClinPred

0.96

GERP RS

5.2

Varity_R

0.76

gMVP

0.87

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over