16-23629645-C-T

Position:

chr16-23629645-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -5 ACMG points: 0P and 5B. BP4_StrongBP6

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):c.2509G>A(p.Glu837Lys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000121 in 1,613,702 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. E837Q) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000072 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00013 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PALB2
NM_024675.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:7B:10O:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 0.360

Variant links:

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PALB2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -5 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.028042644).

BP6

Variant 16-23629645-C-T is Benign according to our data. Variant chr16-23629645-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 128133.We mark this variant Likely_benign, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=6, Likely_benign=8, not_provided=1}. Variant chr16-23629645-C-T is described in Lovd as [Benign].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.2509G>A	p.Glu837Lys	missense_variant	5/13	ENST00000261584.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.2509G>A	p.Glu837Lys	missense_variant	5/13	1	NM_024675.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000723

AC:

AN:

152166

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000241

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000998

AC:

AN:

250516

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000811

AC XY:

AN XY:

135656

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000187

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00120

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000127

AC:

185

AN:

1461536

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000122

AC XY:

AN XY:

727100

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.000120

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00433

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000270

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000828

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000723

AC:

AN:

152166

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000673

AC XY:

AN XY:

74328

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.000241

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000501

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000907

ExAC

AF:

0.000132

AC:

Asia WGS

AF:

0.000577

AC:

AN:

3478

EpiCase

AF:

0.0000545

EpiControl

AF:

0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:7Benign:10Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1Benign:4

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Apr 05, 2016	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jun 15, 2021	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Sema4, Sema4	Oct 15, 2021	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Jun 14, 2016	- -
Uncertain significance, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	True Health Diagnostics	May 01, 2018	- -

not specified

Uncertain:1Benign:2Other:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago	Nov 26, 2018	- -
Benign, no assertion criteria provided	curation	Leiden Open Variation Database	Oct 10, 2018	Curators: Marc Tischkowitz, Arleen D. Auerbach. Submitter to LOVD: Yukihide Momozawa. -
not provided, no classification provided	reference population	ITMI	Sep 19, 2013	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Sep 04, 2020	Variant summary: PALB2 c.2509G>A (p.Glu837Lys) results in a conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0001 in 250516 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.0012 within the East Asian subpopulation in the gnomAD database. Specifically, the variant allele was detected at a frequency of 0.0042 within Korean controls (gnomAD) and at a frequency range of 0.0058-0.0069 within Japanese controls (Momozawa_2018 and HGVD and jMorp databases). Therefore, the observed variant frequency within East Asian control individuals is at least 8-fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in PALB2 causing Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome phenotype (0.00016), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of East Asian origin. Though c.2509G>A has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (e.g. Nakagomi 2016, Kim 2017, Sato 2017, Shin_2020) and in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and hepatoblastoma (Kim 2017), these patients were all of East Asian origin. These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Breast And Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Co-occurrences with pathogenic variants have been reported (BRCA1 c.188T>A, p.L63X; PTEN c.697C>T, p.Arg233X; Internal testing), providing supporting evidence for a benign role. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Five ClinVar submitters (evaluation after 2014) cite the variant as benign/likely benign and five (evaluation after 2014) cite it as uncertain significance. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely benign. -

not provided

Uncertain:1Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Feb 27, 2020	This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26411315, 29190888, 24728327, 24755471, 27783279, 24163242, 28796317, 29338689) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	Jan 24, 2023	The frequency of this variant in the general population, 0.0042 (16/3818 chromosomes in the Korean subpopulation, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org), is higher than would generally be expected for pathogenic variants in this gene. In the published literature, the variant has been reported in individuals affected with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (PMIDs: 32019277 (2020), 30287823 (2018)) and colorectal cancer (PMIID: 33309985 (2020)). It has also been reported in a breast cancer association study where the variant was found in individuals with breast cancer as well as in unaffected controls (PMIDs: 33471991 (2021), see also LOVD (http://databases.lovd.nl/shared/genes/PALB2)). Analysis of this variant using bioinformatics tools for the prediction of the effect of amino acid changes on protein structure and function yielded predictions that this variant is benign. Based on the available information, we are unable to determine the clinical significance of this variant. -

Familial cancer of breast

Benign:2

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Mendelics	May 28, 2019	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Jan 30, 2024	- -

PALB2-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Nov 09, 2023

The PALB2 c.2509G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Glu837Lys. This variant has been reported in individuals of Asian ancestry with personal and/or family history of breast/ovarian cancer (Nakagomi et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 26411315; Kim et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 27783279; Sato et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28796317). This variant is reported in 0.11% of alleles in individuals of East Asian descent in gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/16-23640966-C-T). This variant is present in the ClinVar database with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity, ranging from likely benign to a variant of uncertain significance (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/128133/). Although we suspect this variant may be benign, at this time its clinical significance is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Breast and/or ovarian cancer

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

May 21, 2020

- -

Fanconi anemia complementation group N

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 13, 2018

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -

Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

research

Cancer Genomics Group, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research

May 01, 2019

- -

Malignant tumor of breast

Benign:1

Likely benign, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

The PALB2 p.Glu837Lys variant was identified in 5 of 780 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.0064) from individuals or families with breast cancer and was present in 1 of 124 control chromosomes (frequency: 0.008) from healthy individuals (Kim 2017, Nakagomi 2016). The variant was also identified in dbSNP (ID: rs587778587) as â€šÃ„ÃºWith Pathogenic, other alleleâ€šÃ„Ã¹, ClinVar (6x, as likely benign by Invitae, Ilummina, uncertain significance by Ambry Genetics, GeneDx, and ITMI), Clinvitae (4x), Cosmic (1x, large intestine, prostate, carcinoma), databases. The variant was not identified in MutDB, LOVD 3.0, Zhejiang Colon Cancer Database, databases. The variant was identified in control databases in 30 of 276582 chromosomes at a frequency of 0.000108 in the following populations: African in 6 of 25030 chromosomes (freq. 0.00024), East Asian in 24 of 18870 chromosomes (freq. 0.0013), increasing the likelihood that this may be a low frequency benign variant in certain populations of origin (Genome Aggregation Consortium Feb 27, 2017). A co-occurring pathogenic BRCA2 variant (c.4042delT, p.Cys1348ValfsX26) is identified in 1 individual with breast cancer in our laboratory, increasing the likelihood that p.Glu837Lys variant does not have clinical significance The p.Glu837Lys residue is not conserved in mammals and computational analyses (PolyPhen-2, SIFT, AlignGVGD, BLOSUM, MutationTaster) do not suggest a high likelihood of impact to the protein; however, this information is not predictive enough to rule out pathogenicity. The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) do not predict a difference in splicing. In summary, based on the above information the clinical significance of this variant cannot be determined with certainty at this time although we would lean towards a more benign role for this variant. This variant is classified as likely benign. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.094

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.56

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.61

CADD

Benign

DANN

Benign

0.90

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.035

T;T

Eigen

Benign

-0.40

Eigen_PC

Benign

-0.47

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.32

LIST_S2

Benign

0.72

T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.011

MetaRNN

Benign

0.028

T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

1.3

.;L

MutationTaster

Benign

0.67

PrimateAI

Benign

0.35

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.5

N;N

REVEL

Benign

0.044

Sift

Benign

0.14

T;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.24

T;T

Polyphen

0.92

.;P

Vest4

0.29

MutPred

0.14

.;Gain of ubiquitination at E837 (P = 0.0037);

MVP

0.49

MPC

0.083

ClinPred

0.045

GERP RS

2.4

Varity_R

0.032

gMVP

0.30

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over